Cieľom štúdie bolo overiť platnosť troch štruktúrnych modelov profesijných záujmov konceptu RIASEC u slovenských žiakov základných škôl. Overované boli Hollandov kruhový model, Gatiho hierarchický model a Roundsov a Traceyho modifikovaný hierarchický model. Predpoklady, ktoré z týchto modelov vyplývajú, boli testované pomocou Hubertovho a Arabieho randomizačného testu hypotetických poradí a multidimenzionálneho škálovania. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 400 žiakov 8. – 9. ročníka základných škôl (M = 14 rokov; SD = 1), ktorým bol administrovaný Dotazník štruktúry všeobecných záujmov (DŠVZ). Štruktúru záujmov slovenských žiakov najlepšie vysvetlil kruhový model Hollanda. Diskutované sú i implikácie pre použitie dotazníka DŠVZ v praxi. and The goal of the study was to verify the validity of three RIASEC models of the structure of vocational interests in Slovak elementary school pupils. Verified models were the Holland's circular model, the Gati's hierarchical model, and the Rounds and Tracey's modified hierarchical model. The assumptions from these models were tested using the Hubert and Arabie's randomization test of hypothetical orders and multidimensional scaling. The sample consisted of 400 pupils from 8th to 9th grade attending primary school (M = 14 years, SD = 1), who were administered a questionnaire Dotazník štruktúry všeobecných záujmov (DŠV). The structure of vocational interests of Slovak pupils was best explained by the Holland's circular model. Implications for using the questionnaire DŠVZ in practice are also discussed.
Tato studie si klade za cíl prozkoumat rozsah produktivní slovní zásoby a kvalitu vyjadřování u českých monolingvních dětí s vývojovou dysfázií ve srovnání s dětmi intaktními v době před nástupem do prvního ročníku základní školy. K výzkumnému šetření byl vytvořen původní test aktivní slovní zásoby zaměřený na substantiva, adjektiva a verba. Výsledná data ukazují, že oba sledované aspekty verbální produkce se mezi výzkumnými skupinami statisticky významně liší a lze mezi nimi vysledovat velmi těsný korelační vztah. Při podrobnějším zkoumání rozsahu slovní zásoby u jednotlivých slovních druhů se ukázalo, že nejvíce se tento rozsah mezi skupinami participantů liší u adjektiv a nejméně u substantiv. and This study aims to analyse a range of the productive vocabulary and quality of verbal expression in Czech monolingual specific-language-impaired (SLI) preschool children. SLI children´s production was also compared to a verbal production of typically developing (agematched) peers. An assessment tool was developed to measure the range and the quality of children´s production of nouns, verbs and adjectives. Both aspects of verbal production (the range and the quality) were also proved to be closely correlated. Research results reveal statistically significant differences between the SLI and a comparison group at both range and the quality of verbal expression. A more detailed examination shows that the differences between SLI and typically developing children´s production manifest themselves in the usage of adjectives the most and the least in the usage of nouns.
Tento článek předkládá přehled výzkumných studií o rodinných hodnotách vietnamských přistěhovalců v různých částech světa. Výsledky studií ukazují proces jejich adaptace a akulturace. Současně si studie všímají změn postojů Vietnamců v závislosti na kulturním prostředí hostitelské země včetně genderové rovnosti a uvolněnějších mezigeneračních vztahů. Přistěhovalci se snaží udržet si vietnamskou kulturu, která oceňuje úctu dětí k rodičům a k starším lidem, rovněž úspěchy ve vzdělání. Studie se zaobíraly přijatelnými způsoby, jak zkoumat a vysvětlovat život Vietnamců žijících v zámoří a jeho psychologické aspekty. Výzkumy se také zaměřovaly na porovnávání tradičních rodinných hodnot Vietnamců žijících ve Vietnamu a v zahraničí s ohledem na porozumění vietnamské kultuře do detailu a přistěhovalecké kultuře obecně., This article is based on a literature review of research studies on the family values of Vietnamese immigrants living in various parts of the world. Results support evidence for the process of adaptation and acculturation among Vietnamese immigrants. At the same time, studies also support the presence of attitude change in response to the culture present in the land of immigration, including greater gender equality and more freedom in generation relationships. Immigrants seek to retain Vietnamese culture valuing filial piety, respect for the elderly and high achievement in education in the host country. Studies reviewed employed acceptable ways to survey and explain the life and the psychological features of Vietnamese living overseas. The research reviewed different focuses on comparing traditional family values of Vietnamese living in Vietnam with those that live overseas, contributing to the understanding of Vietnamese culture in detail and immigrant’s culture in general., Mai Van Hai., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
a1_Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, eight species (five adult and three larval) of nematodes belonging to the Ascaridida, Oxyurida and Enoplida were collected from fishes of the Okavango River, Botswana, namely Falcaustra similis Moravec et Van As, 2004, Atractidae gen. sp. (only female) (both Cosmocercoidea), Cucullanus sp. (only female) (Seuratoidea), Cithariniella longicaudata sp. n., Synodontisia annulata sp. n. (both Oxyuroidea), Contracaecum sp. third-stage larvae, third-stage larvae of Galeiceps sp. (both Ascaridoidea) and Eustrongylides sp. fourth-stage larvae (Dioctophymatoidea). The new species Citharinella longicaudata (type host Schilbe intermedius Rüppel) is mainly characterised by the shape and size of cephalic papillae and the spicule 108 µm long, and Synodontisia annulata (type host S. intermedius) by the shape of cephalic papillae, body length of gravid females (4.88-5.33 mm) and a short spicule (66 µm long). The female specimen of Cucullanus sp. from Tilapia sparmanni Smith markedly differs from congeners parasitising inland fishes in Africa by the elongate pseudobuccal capsule and by the excretory pore far posterior to the oesophago-intestinal junction; apparently, it belongs to an undescribed species. Galeiceps larvae parasitising fishes are described for the first time. Cithariniella gonzalezi Van Waerebeke, Chabaud, Bain et Georges, 1988 is considered a junior synonym of C. khalili Petter, Vassiliadès et Troncy, 1972, and the previous records of Cithariniella citharini Khalil, 1964 from Synodontis spp. in Egypt concern, in fact, Cithariniella khalili Petter, Vassiliadès et Troncy, 1972., a2_The specimens of Cithariniella reported by Koubková et al. (2010) from Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin) in Senegal and misidentified as C. gonzalesi Van Waerebeke, Chabaud, Bain et Georges, 1988 are considered to represent a new species, C. koubkovae sp. n.; this is established by reference to the description and drawings provided by Koubková et al. (2010)., František Moravec, Liesl L. Van As., and Obsahuje bibliografii
To investigate the effect of vanadyl trehalose (VT) on oxidative stress and reduced glutathione/glutathione-Stransferase（GSH/GSTs）pathway gene expression in mouse gastrointestinal tract, as well as the protective effects of vitamin C (VC) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (group A), VT group (group B), VC + VT group (group C), GSH + VT group (group D) and VC + GSH + VT group (group E). The content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and the expressions of glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutathione synthetase (GSS), regulated through glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione-S-transferase pi (GSTpi) in stomach and duodenum in vanadyl trehalose treated group were lower than those in group A (P<0.05). The C, D, E group can significantly improve the above indicators, but those only in the stomach in E group reached the level of the control group. Vanadyl trehalose (VT) was able to cause oxidative stress damage to the gastrointestinal tract of mice, which affects GSH content and GSH-Px activity and interferes with the normal expression of GSH/GSTs pathway. Exogenous vitamin C, reduced glutathione and the combination of the two could play a specific role in antioxidant protection and reduce the toxicity of vanadyl trehalose.
a1_The long-term feeding of a high-concentrate diet (the concentrate ratio is greater than 60 %) leads to mammary gland inflammatory response in ruminants and decreased quality in dairy cows and affects the robust development of the dairy industry. The main reason is closely related to elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the body. In this experiment, a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) was used as a model, and LPS at different concentrations (0 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, 1000 ng/ml, 10000 ng/ml) was added to the cells. The cell survival rate, oxidative stress indicators, total lipid droplet area, triglyceride content and key genes regulating lipid metabolism were detected by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)- 3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), assay kit, microscope observation and RT-PCR methods to explore the regulatory mechanism of mammary health and milk fat synthesis.The results showed that compared with those of the control group, the survival rates of cells were significantly decreased after 9 h of stimulation with 1000 ng/ml and 10000 ng/ml LPS (P<0.01).The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with that of the control group, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells was significantly increased (P<0.05) after stimulation with 10000 ng/ml LPS for 9 h. After 9 h of stimulation with 100 ng/ml, 1000 ng/ml and 10000 ng/ml LPS, the total lipid drop area and triglyceride (TG) content of MAC-T cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The expression levels of fatty acid synthesis-related genes AcetylCoA carboxylase (ACC) and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) were significantly decreased after 9 h of stimulation with 100 ng/ml, 1000 ng/ml and 10000 ng/ml LPS (P<0.05), while the expression levels of Fatty Acid synthetase (FAS) were significantly decreased after stimulation with 1000 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml LPS (P<0.05)., Lin Li, Weibin Tang, Mei Zhao, Binbin Gong, Meng Cao, Jianyuan Li., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Introduction. With growing interest in hallucinogens, majority of psychedelic research focus mostly on the therapeutic potential and benefits. The objective of this paper is to explore how users of psychedelics verbalize their experience and perceived risks of using such substances. Methods. The authors used a questionnaire with open-ended and multiple-choice items. The sample included persons with at least one phenomenological experience with psychedelics (N = 422, age M=27.78; SD=7.84; SE=0.38; 35.1% women). Qualitative data were analyzed using concepts of The Grounded Theory using the Atlas.ti suite. Results. The target group uses terms taken from the English language (“bad trip”, “set and setting”, “sitter”, or the grammatically localized version of the word „psychedelic“), with shared and well-understood semantic meaning within the community. The central domain “inappropriate set and setting” and its inadequate preparation is linked to the negative experience of “bad trip” which can lead to difficult “integration of experience” or even “psychotic disorders”. Users of psychedelics report various harm reduction strategies which are consistent with relevant literature. Conclusion. This study illustrates that Slovak users of psychedelics seem to understand and use the established terminology of international discourse related to these substances. At the same time, the authors suggest that users seem to use various relevant strategies to lower risks associated with the use of psychedelics. and Úvod. Záujem o halucinogény rastie, pričom do-terajšie štúdie sa orientujú prevažne na terape-utický potenciál a benefity. Cieľom štúdie bolo objasniť, akými slovami verbalizujú užívatelia psychedelík svoje skúsenosti a v čom vidia naj-väčšie riziká užívania týchto látok. Metóda. Autori použili dotazník s uzavretými aj otvorenými otázkami. Výskumu sa zúčastnili ľudia s prinajmenšom jednou fenomenologic-kou skúsenosťou so psychedelikami (N = 422, vek M = 27,78; SD = 7,84; SE = 0,38; 35,1 % žien). Kvalitatívne dáta boli analyzované po-mocou konceptov zakotvenej teórie za pomoci softwaru Atlas.ti. Výsledky. Cieľová skupina používa cudzoja-zyčné pojmy („bad trip“, „set and setting“, „sitter“, „psychedelický“), ktoré sú sémanticky adekvátne etablované v rámci komunity uží-vateľov. Najviac vnímanými rizikami sú nea-dekvátne prípravy intrapsychických aspektov („set“) a externých i interpersonálnych aspektov („setting“). Centrálna doména „Nevhodný set and setting“ môže viesť k negatívnemu zážitku tzv. „bad trip“, čo môže ďalej vyvolať náročné „integrácie skúsenosti“ a následne „psychické poruchy“. Užívatelia psychedelík reportujú roz-manité stratégie znižujúce poškodenia („harm reduction“), ktoré sú v súlade s odbornou lite-ratúrou.Záver. Výskum ilustruje, že užívatelia psychede-lík na Slovensku adekvátne používajú etablova-né pojmy drogového cudzojazyčného diskurzu. Zároveň naznačuje, že užívatelia sú oboznámení s rôznymi stratégiami znižujúcimi nimi vnímané riziká súvisiace s užívaním psychedelík.
As a developed welfare state, Finland has a long history of and continuing political support for housing policies, ranging from non-profit rental housing to owner-occupied housing supported by tax deductions. The current neoliberal critique, however, has questioned the efficiency and moral foundations of the established policies. This critique has taken as its target the difference between market rents and non-profit rents, citing this as an instance of ‘alternative costs’ for the city and, as such, as a form of subsidy that is unjustly distributed. However, the full picture of different housing subsidies – including those received by owner-occupiers – is not usually considered. The paper concludes that the current debate does not take into account the ways in which different subsidies interact in the approaches used to provide affordable housing in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. As such the critique becomes tacitly political, although it is represented in terms of rationality and justice.
Clear-cutting, the main method of harvesting in many forests in the world, causes a series of dramatic environmental changes to the forest habitat and removes habitat resources for arboreal and epigeal species. It results in considerable changes in the composition of both plant and animal communities. Ants have many critical roles in the maintenance and functioning of forest ecosystems. Therefore, the response of ants to clear-cutting and the time it takes for an ant community to recover after clear-cutting are important indicators of the effect of this harvesting technique on the forest ecosystem. We investigated ground-dwelling ant communities during secondary succession of deciduous forests in Transylvania, Romania. Using space-for-time substitution, we explored a chronosequence from clear-cuts to mature forests (> 120 years). The object was to determine if cutting has measurable effects on ant community structure, and if ant species richness differs between successional stages. We recorded a total of 24 species of ants, 11 characteristic of forests and seven of open landscape. Ant species richness was higher in clear-cuts compared to closed-canopy and old stands. Number of ant individuals was highest in young age classes and lowest in closed-canopy age classes. There was no drastic change in species richness during the succession, however differences in community composition at different stages were recorded. Open landscape species are able to rapidly colonize following disturbance but disappear when the forest sites mature and many forest ant species are capable of surviving clear cutting., Ioan Tăuşan, Jens Dauber, Maria R. Trică, Bálint Markó., and Obsahuje bibliografii
V posledních letech se můžeme v gerontologické literatuře setkat s novými termíny reflektujícím jevy nové či nově sledované. Mezi tyto termíny patří tzv. „SuperAging“. Tato stať seznamuje čtenáře s obsahem termínu ve dvou hlavních souvislostech: 1) v rámci společnosti – sociologie a demografie, 2) v rámci neuropsychologie a kognitivního stárnutí jedinců. Cílem je rozšířit tyto pojmy a jejich obsah mezi českou psychologickou obec. and Novel terms have been introduced in gerontology, reflecting new or newly observed phenomena. „SuperAging“ is one of those terms. This text introduces its content to the readers in the main areas of interest: 1) societal view of sociology and demography, 2) neuropsychology and cognitive ageing of individuals. Our goal is to make the aspects of SuperAgeing familiar to Czech psychologists.