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842. Moderate-intensity exercise training reduces vasorelaxation of mesenteric arteries: role of BKCa channels and nitric oxide
- Creator:
- Al-Dhuhli, Farid, Al-Siyabi, Sultan, Al-Maamari, Hamed, Al-Farsi, Said, and Albarwani, Sulayma
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- exercise training, mesenteric arteries, large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, vascular smooth muscle cells, and nitric oxide
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Exercise training (ET) is well established to induce vascular adaptations on the metabolically active muscles. These adaptations include increased function of vascular potassium channels and enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxations. However, the available data on the effect of ET on vasculatures that normally constrict during exercise, such as mesenteric arteries (MA), are scarce and not conclusive. Therefore, this study hypothesized that 10 weeks of moderate-intensity ET would result in adaptations towards more vasoconstriction or/and less vasodilatation of MA. Young Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary group (SED; n=24) or exercise training group (EXE; n=28). The EXE rats underwent a progressive treadmill ET program for 10 weeks. Isometric tensions of small (SED; 252.9±29.5 µm, EXE; 248.6±34.4 µm) and large (SED; 397.7±85.3 µm, EXE; 414.0±86.95 µm) MA were recorded in response to cumulative phenylephrine concentrations (PE; 0-30 µM) in the presence and absence of the BKCa channel blocker, Iberiotoxin (100 nM). In another set of experiments, tensions in response to cumulative concentration-response curves of acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained, and pEC50s were compared. Immunoblotting was performed to measure protein expression levels of the BKCa channel subunits and eNOS. ET did not alter the basal tension of small and large MA but significantly increased their responses to PE, and reduced the effect of BKCa channels in opposing the contractile responses to PE without changes in the protein expression level of BKCa subunits. ET also elicited a sizedependent functional adaptations that involved reduced endothelium-independent and endothelium-dependent relaxations. In large MA the sensitivity to SNP was decreased more than in small MA suggesting impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanisms within the vascular smooth muscle cells of ET group. Whereas the shift in pEC50 of ACh-induced relaxation of small MA would suggest more effect on the production of NO within the endothelium, which is not changed in large MA of ET group. However, the eNOS protein expression level was not significantly changed between the ET and SED groups. In conclusion, our results indicate an increase in contraction and reduced relaxation of MA after 10 weeks of ET, an adaptation that may help shunt blood flow to metabolically active tissues during acute exercise.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
843. Modification of human pericardium by chemical crosslinking
- Creator:
- Filová, Elena, Staňková, Lubica, Eckhardt, Adam, Svobodová, Jana, Musílková, Jana, Pala, Jan, Hadraba, Daniel, Brynda, Eduard, Koňařík, Miroslav, Pirk, Jan, and Bačáková, Lucie
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- human pericardium, valve interstitial cells, chemical crosslinking, genipin, and glutaraldehyde
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Autologous and allogenic human pericardia used as biomaterials for cardiovascular surgery are traditionally crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. In this work, we have evaluated the resistivity to collagenase digestion and the cytotoxicity of human pericardium crosslinked with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde in comparison with pericardium crosslinked by genipin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, tannic acid, and in comparison with unmodified pericardium. Crosslinking retained the wavy-like morphology of native pericardium visualized by second harmonic generation microscopy. The collagenase digestion products were analyzed using SDS-PAGE, capillary electrophoresis, and a hydroxyproline assay. Glutaraldehyde and genipin crosslinking protected the native pericardium efficiently against digestion with collagenase III. Only low protection was provided by the other crosslinking agents. The cytotoxicity of crosslinked pericardium was evaluated using xCELLigence by monitoring the viability of porcine valve interstitial cells cultured in eluates from crosslinked pericardium. The highest cell index, reflecting both the number and the shape of the monitored cells was observed in eluates from genipin. Crosslinking pericardium grafts with genipin therefore seems to be a promising alternative procedure to the traditional crosslinking with glutaraldehyde, because it provides similarly high protection against degradation with collagenase, without cytotoxic effects.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
844. Modulation of cough reflex by Gaba-Ergic inhibition in medullary raphé of the cat
- Creator:
- Martvon, Lukas , Kotmanova, Zuzana , Dobrolubov, Boris , Babalova, Lucia , Simera, Michal , Veternik, Marcel , Pitts, Teresa , Jakus, Jan , and Poliacek, Ivan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- cough, microinjection, medullary raphé, baclofen, and muscimol
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We studied the effects of GABA receptor agonists microinjections in medullary raphé on the mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough response in anesthetized, unparalyzed, spontaneously breathing cats. The results suggest that GABA-ergic inhibition significantly contributes to the regulation of cough reflex by action of both GABAA and GABAB receptors. The data are consistent with inhomogeneous occurrence of GABA-ergic neurons in medullary raphé and their different involvement in the cough reflex control. Cells within rostral nucleus raphé obscurus with dominant role of GABAA receptors and neurons of rostral nucleus raphé pallidus and caudal nucleus raphé magnus with dominant role of GABAB receptors participate in regulation of cough expiratory efforts. These cough control elements are distinct from cough gating mechanism. GABA-ergic inhibition in the raphé caudal to obex had insignificant effect on cough. Contradictory findings for GABA, muscimol and baclofen administration in medullary raphé suggest involvement of coordinated activity of GABA on multiple receptors affecting raphé neurons and/or the local neuronal circuits in the raphé modulating cough motor drive.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
845. Mojmír Svoboda, Pavel Humpolíček, Václav Šnorek. Psychodiagnostika dospělých
- Creator:
- Bezdíček, Ondřej
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Recenze této knihy by mohla být východiskem k diskusi o dalším směřování české psychodiagnostiky. Jde o základní učebnici psychodiagnostiky a je zřejmě nejčastěji využívána studenty během pregraduálního studia psychologie v rámci předmětu psychodiagnostika dospělých. Lze tedy říci, že má základní význam jako zdroj informací, z něhož čerpají znalosti o psychodiagnostice pozdější profesní psychologové, respektive psychologové se specializací na psychodiagnostiku.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
846. Molecular and morphological characterisation of the metacercariae of two species of Cardiocephaloides (Digenea: Strigeidae) infecting endemic South African klipfish (Perciformes: Clinidae)
- Creator:
- Vermaak, Anja, Smit, Nico J., and Kudlai, Olena
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Trematoda, Clinus superciliosus, Clinus cottoides, marine fish parasites, DNA, and morphology
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- South African clinids are a major component of the temperate intertidal regions that are also known to participate in life cycles and transmission of several groups of parasites. However, the knowledge of trematode diversity of these fishes is incomplete. In this study, two species of Clinus Cuvier, the super klipfish Clinus superciliosus (Linnaeus) and the bluntnose klipfish Clinus cottoides Valenciennes, were collected from six localities along the South African coast and examined for the presence of trematodes. Metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides Sudarikov, 1959 were found in the eye vitreous humour and brain of C. superciliosus and in the eye vitreous humour of C. cottoides. Detailed analyses integrating morphological and molecular sequence data (28S rDNA, ITS2 rDNA-region, and COI mtDNA) revealed that these belong to two species, Cardiocephaloides physalis (Lutz, 1926) and an unknown species of Cardiocephaloides. This study provides the first report of clinid fishes serving as intermediate hosts for trematodes, reveals that the diversity of Cardiocephaloides in South Africa is higher than previously recorded, and highlights the need for further research to elucidate the life cycles of these trematode species. The broad geographical distribution of Cardiocephaloides spp. was confirmed in the present study based on molecular sequence data. The host-parasite interactions between clinid fishes and metacercariae of Cardiocephaloides are yet to be explored.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
847. Molecular assessment of kidney allografts: are we closer to a daily routine?
- Creator:
- Trailin, Andriy , Hruba, Petra , and Viklicky , Ondrej
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- kidney transplantation, gene expression, RT-qPCR, microarray, MMDx, and molecular microscope
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Kidney allograft pathology assessment has been traditionally based on clinical and histological criteria. Despite improvements in Banff histological classification, the diagnostics in particular cases is problematic reflecting a complex pathogenesis of graft injuries. With the advent of molecular techniques, polymerasechain reaction, oligo- and microarray technologies allowed to study molecular phenotypes of graft injuries, especially acute and chronic rejections. Moreover, development of the molecular microscope diagnostic system (MMDx) to assess kidney graft biopsies represents the first clinical application of a microarraybased method in transplantation. Whether MMDx may replace conventional pathology is the subject of ongoing research, however this platform is particularly useful in complex histological findings and may help clinicians to guide the therapy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
848. Molecular basis of the effect of atorvastatin pre-treatment on stem cell therapy in chronic ischemic diseases - critical limb ischemia
- Creator:
- Adamičková, Adriana, Gažová, Andrea, Adamička, Matúš, Chomaničová, Nikola, Valašková, Simona, Červenák, Zdenko, Šalingová, Barbara, and Kyselovič, Ján
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- atorvastatin, chronic ischemic diseases, mesenchymal stem cells, and microRNA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Autologous stem cell therapy is the most promising alternative treatment in patients with chronic ischemic diseases, including ischemic heart disease and critical limb ischemia, which are characterized by poor prognosis related to serious impair of quality of life, high risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rates. However, one of the most serious shortcomings of stem cell transplantation are low survival after transplantation to the site of injury, as large number of stem cells are lost within 24 hours after delivery. Multiple studies suggest that combination of lipid-lowering drugs, statins, and stem cell transplantation might improve therapeutic efficacy in regenerative medicine. Statins are inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase and belong to recommended therapy in all patients suffering from critical limb ischemia. Statins possess non-lipid effects which involve improvement of endothelial function, decrease of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, anti-cancer and stem cell modulation capacities. These non-lipid effects are explained by inhibition of mevalonate synthesis via blocking isoprenoid intermediates synthesis, such as farnesylpyrophospate and geranylgeranylpyrophospate and result in modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, statin-mediated microRNA regulation may contribute to the pleiotropic functions. MicroRNA interplay in gene regulatory network of IGF/Akt pathway may be of special significance for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. We assume further studies are needed for detailed analysis of statin interactions with microRNA at the molecular level and their link to PI3K/Akt and IGF/Akt pathway in stem cells, which are currently the most promising treatment strategy used in chronic ischemic diseases.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
849. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa) in children and cattle in Romania
- Creator:
- Vieira, Patrícia Manuela, Mederle, Narcisa, Lobo, Maria Luísa, Imre, Kálmán, Mederle, Ovidiu, Xiao, Lihua, Darabus, Gheorghe, and Matos, Olga
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- telata, molekulární epidemiologie, calves, molecular epidemiology, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, Cryptosporidium parvum, man, GP60 variability, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To investigate the transmission of species of Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907 in Timis County, Romania, 48 isolates of Cryptosporidium coccidia from 11 children, 29 calves and eight pigs were characterised by molecular analysis of two loci (SSU rRNA and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene). Overall, 22 isolates were amplified and sequence analyses revealed that all isolates were Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912. Two subtype families were identified, IIa and IId. Subtype IIdA22G1 (n = 4) was the single C. parvum subtype found in children. Subtypes found in calves included IIdA27G1 (n = 8), a novel subtype, IIdA25G1 (n = 5), IIdA22G1 (n = 2), IIdA21G1a (n = 1), and IIaA16G1R1 (n = 1). Subtype IIdA26G1 was found in a pig. These results were significantly different from previous Romanian reports, as the five subtypes of family IId identified in this study were never identified previously in this country. Thus, cattle may be a source of Cryptosporidium infections for humans and the transmission dynamics of C. parvum in Romania is more complex than previously believed., Patrícia Manuela Vieira, Narcisa Mederle, Maria Luísa Lobo, Kálmán Imre, Ovidiu Mederle, Lihua Xiao, Gheorghe Darabus, Olga Matos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
850. Molecular cloning and functional analyses of an adhesion molecule, neuroglian, in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- Creator:
- Yokoi, Kakeru, Kato, Yoshiaki, Suzuki, Masahiro, and Miura, Ken
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, můrovití, butterflies, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, Mythimna separata, neuroglian, hemocyte adhesion, encapsulation, in situ hybridization, real-time quantitative reverse transcript PCR, RNA interference, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Insect cellular immune reaction, which generally includes phagocytosis, encapsulation and nodule formation, is achieved by hemocytes circulating in insect haemolymph. The shift of hemocytes from the normal phase to the adhering phase is an important process in the cellular immune reaction, which includes the attachment of hemocytes to foreign surfaces or other hemocytes via adhesion factors. Neuroglian is one of the adhering factors associated with encapsulation in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. Here we studied the localization of neuroglian (MsNrg) in Mythimna separata and its functional role in the cellular immune reaction. The distribution of MsNrg mRNA between hemocyte populations was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization, which revealed that MsNrg was highly expressed in adhering hemocytes, especially in plasmatocytes. Unexpectedly, the transcript was observed as well in non-adhering hemocytes, implying neuroglian has a function in non-adhering hemocytes. Moreover, we showed that the amount of MsNrg mRNA was not changed by injections of either biotic or abiotic non-selves. Fewer latex beads were fully encapsulated by hemocytes in larvae treated with MsNrg double-stranded RNA than in control larvae, but their ability to achieve phagocytosis and nodule formation remained unchanged by the MsNrg knockdown. These results indicate that the function of neuroglian in the cellular immune reaction is conserved in D. melanogaster and lepidopteran species, and neuroglian in non-adhering hemocytes could possess unidentified function., Kakeru Yokoi, Yoshiaki Kato, Masahiro Suzuki, Ken Miura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public