The quality of stored blood can be deteriorated by hemolysis caused by free radicals. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether neutrophile leukocytes are the source of free radicals in stored blood as in hemodialyzed patients. Resuspensions with low (LL) or high (HL) leukocyte concentrations were prepared from samples of twenty healthy volunteers. The samples were incubated for 10 days at 4 °C and then for one day at 37 °C. Markers of hemolysis and free radical metabolism were examined before and after incubation in LL and HL samples. In spite of the difference of leukocytes counts in LL and HL resuspensions (p<0.0001), the pre-incubation values of all laboratory parameters were practically identical. In post-storage samples, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities did not differ in either group. Reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and extracellular antioxidant capacity were insignificantly lower in HL resuspensions, but the increase of malondialdehyde was much more pronounced in the HL samples (p<0.0001). The degree of hemolysis, expressed as the extracellular increase of potassium (p<0.001), hemoglobin (p<0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (p<0.05), was higher in the HL samples. Our results support the hypothesis that leukocytes participate in free radical production in stored blood., J. Racek, R. Herynková, V. Holeček, J. Faltysová, I. Krejčová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of the paper is to present and analyse the current state of perpetrator programmes in Eastern European and Baltic countries as this issue has barely been raised in the literature. It is connected to the fact that in described region such programmes are still relatively new phenomena and, compared to other European Union countries (mostly in Western and Northern Europe), the number of the programmes is still insufficient. Moreover, the number and character of the perpetrator programmes in Eastern European and Baltic countries is to a large extent determined by traditional gender relations, glorification of the traditional family and specific definitions of masculinities and femininities, as well as by the nature of the anti-violence legislation that exists in particular countries. The presented findings result from research on the specificity of work with perpetrators of domestic violence in the region. The analysis is based on the cases of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania and Poland. It is to a large extent the result of research conducted within the Daphne III project IMPACT: Evaluation of European Perpetrator Programmes (2013-2014) and of analysis of national reports delivered by country experts for a project conducted by the Work with Perpetrators - European Network in 2013., Katarzyna Wojnicka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) celebrates its 125-year anniversary with a new strategy for its future development (consisting of 14 research programmes) and also with its new logo. Part of the speech of the CAS President delivered at the 45th Session of the Academiy Assembly (16th December 2014) is published with the aim of presenting the important ideas behind the Strategy AV21 for the 21st century. and Jiří Drahoš.
Ostrov La Gomera je součástí Kanárského souostroví a patří k výjimečným místům ve světovém měřítku. Jde o jeden z nejstarších a nejmenších ostrovů souosroví s velmi pestrou a bohatou endemickou faunou. V článku představíme faunu nosatcovitých brouků (Curculionoidea), kteří nejsou zajímaví pouze svou obrovskou radiací v rámci nik, které využívají, ale také svými životními strategiemi., La Gomera is an island in the Canaries archipelago and an extraordinary location on a worldwide scale. It belongs among the oldest and smallest islands, with highly varied and rich endemic fauna. This article presents the local fauna of weevils (Curculionoidea). These beetles are of interest not only because of their enormous radiation within the niches they inhabit, but also due to their life strategies., and Filip Trnka.
Srí Lanka je tropický ostrov ležící na severu Indického oceánu, který je topograficky velice různorodý a komplexní. Tyto faktory ve spojitosti s jeho historickou izolovaností od indického subkontinetu vedly k vývoji zcela unikátní fauny a flóry. Přibližne 80 % druhů obojživelníků a 60 % plazů je pro ostrov endemických, přičemž nejvyšší míra endemismu byla zatím zaznamenána u žab rodu Pseudophilautus nebo gekonů rodu Cnemaspis. Mezi hotspot bioty v megahotspot lze označit lesní rezervaci Sinharaja nacházející se v jihovýchodní části ostrova, jejíž diverzitě obojživelníků a plazů se věnuje předkládaný článek. and Sri Lanka is the tropical island located in the northern Indian Ocean which is topographically a very heterogeneous and complex area. These factors in connection with historical isolation of the island resulted in the development of unique fauna and flora. Approximately 80% of amphibian species and 60% of reptiles are endemic to the island. The highest value of endemism was recorded in frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus or geckos of the genus Cnemaspis. The Sinharaja forest reserve is a hotspot in the Sri Lankan megahotspot.Hence the species diversity of amphibians and reptiles in the reserve is the main topic of the present article.
Text reflektuje postavení podniku pro zahraniční obchod (PZO) Artia ve struktuře tuzemských hudebních vydavatelství v období normalizace s cílem přiblížit modus operandi exportně orientované hudebně vydavatelské činnosti v Československu. V porovnání s hudebními vydavatelstvími zaměřenými na domácí trh se Artia odlišovala svou koncepcí ediční i obchodní politiky, u níž ideologický a estetický diktát determinovaný systémem řízení a kontroly kulturní tvorby ustupoval obchodním zájmům Ministerstva zahraničního obchodu. Sledování dynamicky se proměňujícího střetu ideologických a ekonomických zájmů v oblasti kultury je zajímavé zejména v období nastupující normalizace charakteristické zesílenou kontrolou ideologické čistoty uměleckého projevu, a nejen proto je toto téma vhodné pro všechny zájemce o multidisciplinární zkoumání kulturních dějin Československa., The article reflects the position of a foreign trade enterprise called Artia within Czechoslovak music industry. The primary goal is to reveal the modus operandi of the music industry in international trading on the example of Artia. Given its export orientation, Artia was a specific organization dealing more than other Czechoslovak record companies with commercial success instead of ideological and aesthetical issues in its editorial policy. Such an approach was dramatically challenged in the period of „normalization“ (1969-1989) when ideological requirements on record companies were reinforced in the system of management and control of cultural production in Czechoslovakia. Artia, therefore, is a suitable object for exploring the relationship between ideological and commercial aspects of cultural production in Czechoslovakia from a multidisciplinary perspective., Martin Husák., and Obsahuje bibliografii