Autorovi jsou vlastní přístupy „nové filmové historie“, které oprošťují psaní o filmu od tradičních kategorií a periodizací a obracejí badatelskou pozornost k ekonomickým aspektům filmového průmyslu nebo k problematice distribučních mechanismů a diváctví. To obnáší interdisciplinární přesahy a nutnost pracovat s velice rozmanitým materiálem. Autor podnikl rozsáhlý průzkum v archivech šesti zemí a jeho výsledky kriticky a organicky propojuje s poznatky z dalších zdrojů včetně svědectví pamětníků. První část metodologicky vzorně koncipované publikace je věnována kulturním transferům v rámci severního trojúhelníku, s dalšími zeměmi sovětského bloku i s kapitalistickými státy. Ve druhé části autor v kontextu stalinismu a následného „tání“ mapuje úlohu filmové distribuce, s jejíž pomocí se režim snažil o sociální integraci občanů. Mimořádně přínosná je podle recenzentky třetí část, věnovaná divácké recepci filmů a podepřená lokální případovou studií o chování a postojích publika v poválečném Brně, Lipsku a Poznani., The author of the book under review uses the approaches of the "new film history", which frees him from writing about film using traditional categories and periodizations, and allows him to turn his attention to economic aspects of the film industry or to distribution mechanisms and audiences. That approach entails overlaps with other disciplines and work with a wide range of material, The author has undertaken extensive research in the archives of six countries, and has critically and organically linked this research together with information from other sources, including eyewitness accounts. The first part of this methodologically exemplary publication is devoted to cultural transfers in the "Northern Triangle" (Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Poland) with other Soviet bloc countries and also with capitalist states. In the second part, in the context of Stalinism and the subsequent Thaw the author looks at the role of film distribution which the régime sought use to integrate its citizens into society. An exceptional contribution of the publication, according to the reviewer, is the third part, which focuses on film-audience reception, supported by local case studies on the behaviour and attitudes of Brno, Leipzig and Poznan audiences after the Second World War., [autor recenze] Alena Šlingerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Autorka referuje o mezinárodním kolokviu věnovaném čínsko-sovětským vztahům ve studené válce, které ve dnech 23. a 24. září 2016 uspořádal v Berlíně americký historik Austin Jersild s podporou Berlínského centra pro studium studené války (Berlin Center for Cold War Studies). Kolokvium se zabývalo zejména globálními konsekvencemi čínsko-sovětských vztahů a jeho účastníci se snažili vyzdvihnout nové metody a přístupy k výzkumu studené války, přesáhnout tradičně nejvíce akcentované téma sovětsko-amerického soupeření a zohlednit celý systém mezinárodních vztahů. Autorka ve vzájemné souvislosti stručně seznamuje s obsahem přednesených referátů a diskusí., This is a report on the international colloquium on Sino-Soviet relations during the Cold War, which was held in Berlin, on 23 and 24 September 2016. It was organized by the American historian Austin Jersild with the support of the Berlin Center for Cold War Studies. The colloquium discussed in particular the global consequences of Sino-Soviet relations, and its participants sought to highlight new methods and approaches to researching the Cold War, to go beyond the most frequently covered topics of Soviet-American revalry, and to take into account the whole system of international relations. The report concisely discusses the contents of the papers presented there and the discussions that followed, pointing out the links between them., Daniela Kolenovská., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Jedním z nejvýznamnějších a v normativní literatuře doby Válčících států nejčastěji se vyskytujících pojmů je slovo yì [najs]. V korpusu textů obsažených v databázi Thesaurus Linguae Sericae najdeme přes 1200 výskytů: z celkového počtu 1298 výskytů znaku je nutno odečíst některé případy, kdy je jím zapisováno jiné slovo, jako např. yí, vzezření, vnější dojem" (dnes standardně ?), a naopak přidat několik případů z Lúnyu, které v systému nejsou datovárny, a je nutno je tedy proheldávat zvlášť. S ohledem na tuto frekvenci i prominenci se jeví sporná tradiční praxe jeho překladu do češtiny jako opravdu závažný problém. Je totiž zvykem jej vcelku mechanicky převádět jako spravedlivý či spravedlivost. Dokonce i podle zastarávajícího Slovníku spisovného jazyka českého se přitom významvé spektrum slova spravedlivý soustředí kolem představy spravedlnosti. Význam ,jaký má být, vyhovující (zpráv. jakostí, váhou ap.); náležitý, patřičný" je hodnocen jako poněkud zastaralý a z příkladů je zjevné, že přežívá jen v hrstce ustálených spojení. Potíž spočívá v tom, že čínské yì nemá se spravedlivostí, resp. spravedlností téměř nic společného. Jeho skutečným významům bych se proto rád věnoval v tomto článku, v němž zároveň navrhuji definitivní opuštění tradičního překladového ekvivalentu a jeho nahrazení jiným, i kdyby neměl být jednoslovný., The present study aims to provide an exploration and nuanced description of the semantic structural of the lexical unit yì, which has been traditionally translated as "righteousness" but also by many other more adequate terms. A good understanding of the meanings of the word is not only especially important because of its crucial significance for ancient Chinese ideology and philosophy, but also because it tends to be mistranslated or at least tranlated in a misleading way, for example as "justice". Although the paleographic and etymological aspects are also discussed, the argument is primarily based on a scrutiny of practically all occurrences of the word, in the pre-imperial transmitted texts, as recorded in the Thesaurus Linguae Sericae (more than 1,200 cases), with an emphasis on systemic relationships, such as synonymy, antonymy or parallelism. The particular meanings arrived at as a result of the application of this method are presented, along with examples and more appropriate Czech translations of the term., Lukáš Zádrapa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The study deals with the fates of monastery of Nepomuk (Pomuk) in exile in the time of Hussite wars. The core is compresed of an analysis of newly found sources, particularly the accounts of the court of the Ebrach Abbey in Nuremburg. Here, the exiles had part of their financial reserves deposited, acquired from the sale and pledge of valuables and books of their cloister. On blank folios of the accounts, there are drafts of letters by the administrator of the court, Hermann of Kottenheim, for the Nepomuk exiles. The mentioned sources deliver a detailed testimony on the as yet unknown place of their residence, the composition, functioning, and financing of the Nepomuk exile monastery. It was also possible to correct the idea that the Nepomuk monks set out for their maternal abbey of Ebrach immediately after the Hussite wars broke out. The core of the monastery resided at the economic court in Weinzierl bei Krems and was finally disbanded only after 1430 when the exiles ran out of finances., Ondřej Vodička., and Obsahuje literaturu a odkazy pod čarou
During the reign of the empress Maria Theresa and in particular of her successor Joseph II, the Habsburg monarchy went through substantial changes. The state took control of parts of public life which had until then been independent. Besides arts, which started to be controlled through the state academy, architecture became the centre of attention. Architecture regulated by state was supposed to observe the so called architectura civilis (Bürgerliche Baukunst) the principles of which had been formulated by German and Austrian theoreticians and mathematicians in the second half of the 18 century. The main features typical for the architectura civilis were simplicity, practicality and economy, which suited the enlightened state. Architects and engineers with profound theoretical knowledge who were able to respond to a wide spectrum of assignments became important for the intentions of the state. Designers who did not make part of the guild structure and who had such wide competences that they could design architecture normally designed by engineers - fortifications, roads, and bridges were considered as ideal. This study focuses on the professional bibliography of two significant engineers working in the service of the estates and the state in Moravia at the last years of 18 century Johann Anton Krzoupal von Grünnenberg, and first Director of the Provincial Building Directorates in Brno Karl Jacobi von Eckholm., Michal Konečný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The aim of the article is to characterise for the first time ever the role of book culture in building the confessionality of post-Hussite society and subsequent generations. For such an extensive research goal, it was necessary to choose a broad interdisciplinary approach, making it possible to place social phenomena previously assessed in isolation into the context of the day. The individual passages of the article are therefore devoted to editorial models, to the archaeology of the printed text and the basics of reading, to the history of illustration and book printing, to language and bookbinding. It has been confirmed that book culture - created by the reception of manuscript and printed products - can be understood as a faithful mirror of a religiously pluralistic society. However, where modern historiography ends with the research of confessionality, the study of book culture may begin to reveal the much more general mechanisms of the individual and social mentality in which the religious-political process took place. The mentality of the readers (burghers and partly the lesser aristocracy) for whom the copied and printed books were intended, was negatively impacted by the remnants of Hussitism and by contemporary Utraquism, which coexisted in a dualistic symbiosis with minority Catholicism. These influences, which at the time were commonly referred to as “renaissance”, bound readers to the Middle Ages. The more massive growth of their intellectual potential was made possible only by the cultural restart brought about by the change in the political situation after the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, which met with a somewhat negative response in both earlier and modern historiography. However, through the study of book culture, we are becoming convinced that the bourgeoisie began to compensate for the privileges which the monarch had deprived them of through various forms of self-education and self-presentation, by means of which it revived itself from these medieval residuals and at the same time competed with the aristocracy., Petr Voit., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Stuart Roberts [překladatel]