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332. The Fourth Tomoh Masaki Award

Creator:
Dhaun, Neeraj
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Webb, David J, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Doctor David J. Webb MD, DSc, FRCP, FRSE, FMedSci, a clinical pharmacologist specialising in the management of cardiovascular disease, is the recipient of The Fourth Tomoh Masaki Award , a bi-annual prize presented on the occasion of the International Conferences on Endothelin to scientists for outstanding contributions and achievements in the field of endothelin research. The Fourth Tomoh Masaki Award was presented to Doctor Webb at the Fifteenth International Conference on Endothelin which was held at Duo Hotel, Prague, Czech Republic, in October 2017. The award was granted to Dr. Webb during the Award Ceremony in Troja Chateau “In Recognition of his Outstanding Contributions to Science and Endothelin Research in Particular”. This article summarises the career and the scientific achievements of David J. Webb viewed by his former student Dr. Neeraj Dhaun, known to everybody as ‘Bean’., N. Dhaun., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

333. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide improves hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice partly via normalization of reduced ETB receptor expression

Creator:
Honda, J., Kimura, T., Aonuma, K., Miyauchi, T., Homma, S., Murakoshi, N., Tajiri, K., Maruyama, H., and Sakai, S.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, human physiology, GLP-1R, Pulmonary hypertension, Liraglutide, ETB receptor, eNOS, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide is an incretin hormone mimetic used in the treatment of diabetes. However, the effects of liraglutide on pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary endothelin (ET) system are unknown. Eight-week-old C57BL6/J mice were injected liraglutide or vehicle for 5 weeks. One week after injection, the mice were exposed to either room air (normoxia) or chronic hypoxia (10 % O2) for 4 weeks. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was significantly higher in hypoxia + vehicle group than in normoxia + vehicle group. ET-1 mRNA expression in the lungs was comparable among all the groups. ETB mRNA and protein expression in the lungs was significantly lower in hypoxia + vehicle group than in normoxia + vehicle group. The above changes were normalized by liraglutide treatment. The expression of phospho-eNOS and phospho-AMPK proteins in the lungs was significantly higher in hypoxia + liraglutide group than in normoxia + vehicle group. We demonstrated for the first time that liraglutide effectively improved RVSP and RV hypertrophy in hypoxia-induced PH mice by activating eNOS through normalization of impaired ETB pathway and augmentation of AMPK pathway. Therefore, GLP-1R agonists can be promising therapeutic agents for PH., J. Honda, T. Kimura, S. Sakai, H. Maruyama, K. Tajiri, N. Murakoshi, S. Homma, T. Miyauchi, K. Aonuma., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

334. The H- and T-Reflex Response Parameters of Long- and Short-Distance Athletes

Creator:
Ozmerdivenli, R., Bulut, S., Urat, T., and Ahmet Ayar
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, H-reflex, T-reflex, Athlete, Electromyography, Training, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
It is well known that the training level of a muscle belongs to the parameters that affect the H-reflex response amplitude. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training type on H- and T-reflex response parameters. For this purpose, 20 long-distance athletes (group I, test group), 18 short-distance athletes (group II, test group) and 20 non-trained subjects (group III, control group) were involved in this study in which the H- and T-reflex amplitude and latency values were measured. The H-reflex amplitude and latency values found in groups I, II and III were 3.64±0.28 mV and 26.88±1.45 ms, 3.17±0.26 mV and 26.19±1.89 ms, and 6.07±0.34 mV and 26.77±1.32 ms, respectively. The T-reflex amplitude and latency values of the groups I, II and III were 3.30±0.18 mV and 32.01±1.02 ms, 3.11±0.20 mV and 31.47±1.16 ms, 4.24±0.21 mV and 31.47±1.16 ms, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to latencies of H- and T-reflexes (p>0.05). In both test groups, the amplitudes of the H-reflex and T-reflex were significantly smaller than the control group (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that training of muscles affect the H- and T-reflex response parameters., R. Ozmerdivenli, S. Bulut, T. Urat, A. Ayar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

335. The impact of lifestyle-related risk factors on cardiac response to ischemia and possibilities to restore impaired ischemic tolerance

Creator:
Ravingerová, T., Slávka Čarnická, Mária Nemčeková, Ledvényiová, V., Adriana Adameová, Khandelwal, V. K. M., Zálešák, M., and Kolář, F.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, lifestyle risk factors, myocardial ischemia, gender-related differences, cardiac adaptation, pleiotropic effects, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular diseases associated with modern lifestyle, such as stress, chronically increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia have a negative impact on the heart exposed to ischemia: their may facilitate its lethal injury (myocardial infarction) and occurrence of sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias. On the other hand, some stressful stimuli related to RF including reactive oxygen species, transient episodes of ischemia (hypoxia), high glucose and other may play a dual role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI). Besides their deleterious effects, these factors may trigger adaptive processes in the heart resulting in greater resistance against IRI, which is also a characteristic feature of the female myocardium. However, sensitivity to ischemia is increasing with age in both genders. Current research indicates that comorbidity related to lifestyle may impair the cardiac response to acute ischemia not only by interference with pathophysiological mechanisms of IRI per se, but via suppression of intrinsic protective mechanisms in the heart and its ability to tolerate the ischemic challenges, although the role of RF has not been unequivocally proven. Moreover, even pathologically altered myocardium need not completely lose its adaptive potential. In addition, increased ischemic tolerance can be induced by the pleiotropic (independent of the primary) effects of some hypolipidemic and antidiabetic drugs, even in the diseased myocardium. This review addresses the issue of the impact of RF on cellular cardioprotective mechanisms and the possibilities to restore adaptive potential in subjects challenged with several RF. Reactivation of adaptive processes in the myocardium taking into consideration gender and age can contribute to optimalization of antiischemic therapy., T. Ravingerová, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

336. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in obese czech children: the importance of early detection of insulin resistance using homeostatic indexes HOMA-IR and QUICKI

Creator:
Dalibor Pastucha, Radka Filipčíková, Dagmar Horáková, Lenka Radová, Zlatko Marinov, Jana Malinčíková, Kocvrlich, M., Horák, S., Marcela Bezdičková, and Miloš Dobiáš
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, obesity, metabolic syndrome, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, children, adolescents, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Common alimentary obesity frequently occurs on a polygenic basis as a typical lifestyle disorder in the developed countries. It is associated with characteristic complex metabolic changes, which are the cornerstones for future metabolic syndrome development. The aims of our study were 1) to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome (based on the diagnostic criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation for children and adolescents) in Czech obese children, 2) to evaluate the incidence of insulin resistance according to HOMA-IR and QUICKI homeostatic indexes in obese children with and without metabolic syndrome, and 3) to consider the diagnostic value of these indexes for the early detection of metabolic syndrome in obese children. We therefore performed anthropometric and laboratory examinations to determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the group of 274 children with obesity (128 boys and 146 girls) aged 9-17 years. Metabolic syndrome was found in 102 subjects (37 %). On the other hand, the presence of insulin resistance according to QUICKI <0.357 was identified in 86 % and according to HOMA-IR >3.16 in 53 % of obese subjects. This HOMA-IR limit was exceeded by 70 % children in the MS(+) group, but only by 43 % children in the MS(–) group (p<0.0001). However, a relatively high incidence of insulin resistance in obese children without metabolic syndrome raises a question whether the existing diagnostic criteria do not falsely exclude some cases of metabolic syndrome. On the basis of our results we suggest to pay a preventive attention also to obese children with insulin resistance even if they do not fulfill the actual diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome., D. Pastucha, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

337. The Inhibitory Effects of Dantrolene on Action Potential-Induced Calcium Transients in Cultured Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons

Creator:
Ahmet Ayar and Kelestimur, H.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Dantrolene, CICR, Action potential after-potentials, Cultured sensory neurons, Patch clamp, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
We investigated the actions of dantrolene Ca2+-induced on Ca2+-release (CICR) evoked by action potentials in cultured rat sensory neurons. The effect of dantrolene on action potential after-depolarization and voltage-activated calcium currents was studied in cultured neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion cells (DRG) using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Depolarizing current injection evoked action potentials and depolarizing after-potentials, which are activated as a result of CICR following a single action potential in some cells. The type of after-potentials was determined by inducing action potentials from the resting membrane potential. Extracellular application of dantrolene (10 mM) abolished after-depolarizations without affecting action potential properties. Furthermore, dantrolene significantly reduced repetitive action potentials after depolarizing current injection into these neurons, but had no significant effect on the steady-state current voltage relationship of calcium currents in these neurons. We conclude that dantrolene inhibits the induction of action potential after depolarizations by inhibiting CICR in cultured rat sensory neurons., A. Ayar, H. Kelestimur., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

338. The long-term effects of growth hormone replacement on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score: results of the 10-year prospective follow-up

Creator:
Vaňuga, Peter, Kužma, Martin, Stojkovičová, Dáša, Smaha, Juraj, Jackuliak, Peter, Killinger, Zdenko, and Payer, Juraj
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, lékařství, human physiology, medicine, Growth hormone, IGF-1, Bone mineral density, Trabecular bone score, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
There are only few studies concerning about long-term effect of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on bone mineral density and bone microstructure. To assess effect of GH replacement therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in adult GH deficient (AGHD) subjects over period of 10 years. From 2005 to 2018, a prospective study of AGHD patients was conducted in national referral center for treatment of GHD. All patients received subcutaneous recombinant human GH in an IGF-1-normalizing regimen once a day. Lumbar spine (L-spine) and total hip (TH) BMD using Hologic densitometers were measured at baseline and every two years during treatment with rhGH. TBS was derived from L1-L4 DXA using iNsight® software (Medimaps, France) at each time point. Periods of measurement were baseline, year 2; 4; 6; 8 and 10. In total, 63 patients (38 males, 25 females, mean age 25.1±16 years) were included in the study. After 10 years of GH treatment, IGF-1 significantly increased (~35 %), with greatest increase at year 2. During 10-year follow-up, L-spine BMD increased approximately of 7 % (NS). TH BMD increase of 11 % during follow-up (p=0.0003). The greatest increment of BMD was achieved at year 6 on both sites, L-spine (+6 %) and TH BMD (+13 %) (p<0.05). There was no significant change of TBS during whole follow-up. In this study, sustaining positive effect of GH replacement therapy on bone density in subjects with adult GH deficiency over 10 years of follow-up was observed. The study did not show effect on TBS, as indirect measure of trabecular bone microarchitecture., Peter Vaňuga, Martin Kužma, Dáša Stojkovičová, Juraj Smaha, Peter Jackuliak, Zdenko Killinger, Juraj Payer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

339. The mechanisms of inhibition of frog endplate currents with homologous derivatives of the 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl phosphonic acid

Creator:
Pryazhnikov, E., Ostroumov, A., Druginina, O., František Vyskočil, and Skorinkin, A.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, endplate potential, nicotinic cholinoreceptor, allosteric modulation, open channel block, lipophilicity and cholinergic effect, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The mode of inhibition of endplate currents by four esters of 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl phosphonic acid with different lipophilicities and molecule lengths were estimated by mathematical modeling based on previous electrophysiological data supplemented by several experiments with rhythmic stimulation. The aim was to discriminate between their receptor and non-receptor effects. It was shown that all esters have a two-component mechanism of depression: inhibition of the receptor open channel and allosteric modulation of the receptorchannel complex. The ratio of both functional components depends on the length and lipophilicity of the esters. Short and less lipophilic esters mostly act as open channel inhibitors and the rate of inhibition substantially depends on the rate of stimulation, i. e. probability of the receptor-channel opening. As the length of the ester radicals and their lipophilicity increased, these compounds were more active as allosteric receptor inhibitors, probably hindering the function of nAChRs from the lipid annulus., E. Pryazhnikov ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

340. The noradrenergic innervation and steroidogenic activity of porcine cystic ovaries

Creator:
Kozłowska, A., Wojtkiewicz, J., Majewski, M., and Jana, B.
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, ovarian cysts, noradrenergic innervation, steroids, pigs, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution and density of noradrenergic nerve fibres (NNFs), content of catecholamines (CATs) and steroids in the cystic ovaries of gilts receiving DXM from middle luteal phase. Cystic status of ovaries was induced by i.m. DXM injections on days 7-21 of the estrous cycle. During the same time, gilts in the control group received saline. The ovaries were collected on predicted day 11 of the second studied estrous cycle. The cystic ovaries were supplied by more numerous NNFs than the control gonads. Moreover after DXM injections, the content of CATs and progesterone and androstendione (A4) in the cystic wall were elevated, while the levels of A4, testosterone and estradiol-17β in the cystic fluid were lowered. Our results show that in the porcine cystic ovaries, induced by DXM injections from middle phase of estrous cycle, increased the density of NNFs and level of CATs, and that it was accompanied by changes in the content of steroids. Moreover, this study is a further confirmation that the morphological and functional changes of cystic ovaries are partly dependent on phase of the estrous cycle in which the induction of the ovarian cysts was initiated., A. Kozłowska, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public