Sleep is regulated by complex biological systems and environmental influences, neither of which is fully clarified. This study demonstrates differential effects of partial sleep deprivation (SD) on sleep architecture and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance using two different protocols (sequentially) that each restricted daily sleep to 3 hours in healthy adult men. The protocols differed only in the period of sleep restriction; in one, sleep was restricted to a 3-hour block from 12:00 AM to 3:00 AM, and in the other, sleep was restricted to a block from 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM. Subjects in the earlier sleep restriction period showed a significantly lower percentage of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep after 4 days (17.0 vs. 25.7 %) and a longer latency to the onset of REM sleep (L-REM) after 1 day (78.8 vs. 45.5 min) than they did in the later sleep restriction period. Reaction times on PVT performance were also better (i.e. shorter) in the earlier SR period on day 4 (249.8 vs. 272 ms). These data support the view that earlier-night sleep may be more beneficial for daytime vigilance than later-night sleep. The study also showed that cumulative declines in daytime vigilance resulted from loss of total sleep time, rather than from specific stages, and underscored the reversibility of SR effects with greater amounts of sleep., H. Wu ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rozpor mezi vědeckou evidencí a zdravotnickou praxí vede k nižší úrovni zdraví v populaci, a patří proto dnes k jedné z největších výzev v oblasti veřejného zdraví. Na tuto výzvu reaguje relativně nový a v České a Slovenské republice i dosud neznámý vědecký obor, který se nazývá implementační věda (implementation science). Cílem tohoto článku je představit základní východiska a poznatky implementační vědy českému a slovenskému publiku. Článek vychází z analýzy základních koncepčních článků publikovaných zejména v časopise Implementation Science. Obsah tvoří definice implementační vědy; popis implementačního procesu včetně identifikace jeho aktérů, kontextu a bariér; a popis modelů používaných v procesu implementace. Článek je doplněn o příklady z praxe relevantní pro českou a slovenskou neurologii a psychiatrii. Implementační věda přináší systematické poznatky a metody, které umožňují snižovat mezeru mezi vědeckou evidencí a praxí ve zdravotnictví., The conflict between scientific evidence and health care practice is associated with decrease in population health and currently represents one of the most urgent public health challenges. This challenge is being addressed by a relatively new scientific branch of Implementation Science, not yet known in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The aim of this paper is to introduce the foundations of the Implementation Science to the Czech and Slovak audiences. The paper is based on a review of fundamental articles published mostly in the Implementation Science journal. The paper provides definitions of the Implementation Science, namely description of an implementation process including its actors, context and barriers as well as models applicable to implementation practice. The paper is complemented with practical examples related to the Czech and Slovak practice in neurology and psychiatry. The Implementation Science produces knowledge and methods to reduce the gap between scientific evidence and health care practice. Key words: implementation science – knowledge gap – population health – neurology – psychiatry The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and P. Winkler, A. Weissová, E. Ehler
Publikace Moje nové já, v anglickém originálu The new me přináší intimní výpovědi klientů Headway s vlastní zkušeností s poraněním mozku a životem po. V jejich příbězích a básních se skrývá síla, víra a naděje pro nové začátky. Přináší zajímavé čtení na letní večery pro všechny, které toto téma osloví.
Akutní ischemický iktus je katastrofické kardiovaskulární onemocnění s častými srdečními příčinami a mozkovými následky, a proto je k optimální léčbě a prevenci nutná úzká spolupráce mezi neurology a kardiology. Nedávné randomizované studie nadto prokázaly, že katetrizační trombektomie je nejúčinnější léčbou akutního iktu u správně vybraných nemocných. Intervenční kardiologie se svou 24hodinovou dostupností pro léčbu infarktu myokardu by mohla doplnit neuroradiologii v případech, v nichž není tento obor schopen poskytnout nepřetržitou dostupnost této moderní léčby pro nemocné s ikty. Je možné, že stojíme na prahu rozvoje nové medicínské subspecializace: neurokardiologie či kardioneurologie., Acute ischemic stroke is a catastrophic cardiovascular disease with frequent cardiac causes and cerebral consequences, thus the close cooperation between neurologists and cardiologists is necessary for the optimal patient management. Furthermore, recent randomized trials demonstrated, that catheter-based thrombectomy (CBT) is the most effective treatment for properly selected patients. Interventional cardiology with its widespread non-stop services for acute myocardial infarction can fill the existing gaps in coverage of population needs with neurointerventional services. Thus, a new future medical subspecialization may emerge: neurocardiology or cardioneurology., and Petr Widimský, Ivana Štětkářová
Ionotropic glutamate receptors function can be affected by neurosteroids, both positively and negatively. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor responses to exogenously applied glutamate are potentiated or inhibited (depending on the receptor subunit composition) by pregnenolone sulphate (PS) and inhibited by pregnenolone sulphate (3α5βS). While PS effect is most pronounced when its application precedes that of glutamate, 3α5βS only binds to receptors already activated. Synaptically activated NMDA receptors are inhibited by 3α5βS, though to a lesser extent than those tonically activated by exogenous glutamate. PS, on the other hand, shows virtually no effect on any of the models of synaptically activated NMDA receptors. The site of neurosteroid action at the receptor molecule has not yet been identified, however, the experiments indicate that there are at least two distinct extracellularly located binding sites for PS mediating its potentiating and inhibitory effects respectively. Experiments with chimeric receptors revealed the importance of the extracellular loop connecting the third and the fourth transmembrane domain of the receptor NR2 subunit for the neurosteroid action, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate receptors are inhibited by both PS and 3α5βS. These neurosteroids also affect AMPA receptors-mediated synaptic transmission, however, in a rather indirect way, through presynaptically located targets of action., M. Sedláček, M. Kořínek, M. Petrovič, O. Cais, E. Adamusová, H. Chodounská, L. Vyklický Jr., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy