Number of results to display per page
Search Results
3372. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. A severe side effect of bisphosphonate therapy
- Creator:
- Janovská, Zuzana
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, nemoci čelistí--terapie, bisfosfonátová osteonekróza čelistí--etiologie--klasifikace--patologie, bisfosfonáty--klasifikace--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, nemoci kostí, and rizikové faktory
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Bisphosphonates (BP) are potent inhibitors of bone resorption used mainly in the treatment of metastatic bone disease and osteoporosis. By inhibiting bone resorption, they prevent complications as pathological fracture, pain, tumor-induced hypercalcemia. Even though patient’s benefit of BP therapy is huge, various side effects may develop. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is among the most serious ones. Oncologic patients receiving high doses of BP intravenously are at high risk of BRONJ development. BPs impair bone turnover leading to compromised bone healing which may result in the exposure of necrotic bone in the oral cavity frequently following tooth extraction or trauma of the oral mucosa. Frank bone exposure may be complicated by secondary infection leading to osteomyelitis development with various symptoms and radiological findings. In the management of BRONJ, conservative therapy aiming to reduce the symptoms plays the main role. In patients with extensive bone involvement resective surgery may lead to complete recovery, provided that the procedure is correctly indicated. Since the treatment of BRONJ is difficult, prevention is the main goal. Therefore in high risk patients dental preventive measures should be taken prior to bisphosphonate administration. This requires adequate communication between the prescribing physician, the patient and the dentist., Zuzana Janovská, and Literatura 46
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3373. Bitis, Alexander. Russia and the Eastern Question Army, Government and Society
- Creator:
- Šedivý, Miroslav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3374. Bivariate copulas: transformations, asymmetry and measures of concordance
- Creator:
- Fuchs, Sebastian and Schmidt, Klaus D.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- bivariate copulas, transformations, asymmetry, and measures of concordance
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present paper introduces a group of transformations on the collection of all bivariate copulas. This group contains an involution which is particularly useful since it provides (1) a criterion under which a given symmetric copula can be transformed into an asymmetric one and (2) a condition under which for a given copula the value of every measure of concordance is equal to zero. The group also contains a subgroup which is of particular interest since its four elements preserve symmetry, the order between two copulas and the value of every measure of concordance.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3375. Biventricular pacing in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery
- Creator:
- František Straka, Jan Pirk, Marian Pinďák, Ivo Skalský, Vlastimil Vančura, Robert Čihák, Tomáš Marek, Petr Lupínek, Schorník, D., Mašín, J., Zeman, M., Janka Škrobáková, Zora Dorazilová, and Jelena Skibová
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, kardiochirurgie, srdeční selhání, hemodynamika, cardiac surgery, heart failure, hemodynamics, cardiac resynchronization therapy, RT3DE echocardiography, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cardiac resynchronization therapy is not commonly used in the early postoperative period in pati ents undergoing cardiac surgery who have left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and a history of heart failure. We performed a prospective randomized clinical trial to compare atrial synchronous right ventricular (DDD RV) and biventricular (DDD BIV) pacing within 72 hours after cardiac surgery in patients with an EF ≤ 35 %, a QRS interval longer than 120 msec and who had LV dyssynchrony detected by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE). Epicardial pacing was provided by a modified Medtronic INSYNC III pacemaker. An LV epicardial pacing lead was implanted on the latest activated segment of the LV based on RT3DE. The study included 18 patients with ischemic heart diseas e, with or without valvular heart disease (14 men, 4 women, average age 71 years). Patients undergoing DDD BIV pacing had a statistically significant greater CO and CI (CO 6.7±1.8 l/min, CI 3.4±0.7 l/min/m²) than patients undergoing DDD RV pacing (CO 5.5±1.4 l/min, CI 2.8±0.7 l/min/m²), p<0.001. DDD BIV paci ng in the early postoperative period after cardiac surgery corrects LV dyssynchrony and has better hemodynamic results than DDD RV pacing., F. Straka ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3376. Black grouse response to dedicated conservation management
- Creator:
- Grant, Murray C., Cowie, Neil, Donald, Chris, Dugan, Desmond, Johnstone, Ian, Lindley, Patrick, Moncreiff, Robert, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Thorpe, Reg, and Tomes, Dan
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Tetrao tetrix, conservation, habitat management, grazing reduction, and predation management
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Halting and reversing declines of black grouse populations in Britain represents a major conservation challenge. Programmes of dedicated management aiming to benefit black grouse have been introduced on several sites and areas across the species’ British range. These initiatives generally employ various managements, most aimed at improving habitat conditions, but some at reducing direct sources of mortality. Black grouse populations appear to respond to such conservation initiatives, with increases in numbers following the introduction of management in all six cases examined. However, these increases were not always sustained, and the frequent lack of control sites and baseline data means that there is limited ability to assess the full impact of management, and to distinguish management effects from the effects of coincident environmental variation. Similarly, it is difficult to identify the specific managements critical to producing black grouse response. Evidence exists for benefits of reducing large herbivore densities and of reducing generalist predator abundance, although these may be temporary in the case of herbivore reductions. Variation in annual productivity appeared to be a major determinant of population trends at two sites where productivity estimates were available, suggesting that responses to management may often arise via effects on productivity.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
3377. Blackcaps, Sylvia atricapilla and blackbirds, Turdus merula feeding their nestlings and fledglings on fleshy fruit
- Creator:
- Hernández, Ángel
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- passerines, frugivory, nestling diet, fledgling diet, and Spain
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There is very little information on the importance of fleshy fruit in the diet of the nestlings and fledglings of partially frugivorous Holarctic passerines. In an area of 0.6 km2 in northwestern Spain, it was verified during 2001–2003 that at least one blackcap Sylvia atricapilla pair and five blackbird Turdus merula pairs fed their offspring on a certain proportion of ivy Hedera helix fruit. Observations made on a blackcap nest in May showed that the parents fed older nestlings on animal prey on 60.7% of occasions and 39.3% on fruit (n = 140 total number of identified feeds). The female fed nestlings on fruit more often than the male. According to observations carried out on five ivy plants in May, blackcaps brought fruit in their bills to feed nestlings or fledglings on 40.3% of 67 feeding visits and blackbirds on at least 22.1% of 86 feeding visits. The blackcaps consistently carried one fruit and the blackbirds between three and five. Both species fed their young on fruit under very different meteorological conditions. Seeds found in the faecal sacs of their nestlings showed high potential germination viability (95.6% undamaged seeds and 4.4% cracked seeds; n = 46 total seeds except for those gnawed by rodents), so the adults probably acted as indirect vectors in dispersing ivy whilst carrying faecal sacs away from the nest.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
3378. Blackman R.L. & Eastop V.F.: Aphids on the World's Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs
- Creator:
- Holman, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3379. Bladder grasshoppers (Caelifera: Pneumoridae) contain three adipokinetic peptides
- Creator:
- Gäde, Gerd
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Caelifera, Pneumoridae, Bullacris discolor, adipokinetic peptide, peptide sequencing, Edman sequencing, and MALDI mass spectrometry
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The corpora cardiaca (CC) of the pneumorid grasshopper species Bullacris discolor contain at least one substance that causes hyperlipaemia in the migratory locust. Isolation of neuropeptides belonging to the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) family was achieved by single-step reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of CC extracts and monitoring tryptophan fluorescence. The material of the bladder grasshopper showed three distinct fluorescence peaks with adipokinetic activity in the migratory locust. The peptide sequences were identified by Edman degradation after the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue had been cleaved off enzymatically, and the exact peptide masses were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Moreover, the assigned peptides were synthesised and natural and synthetic peptides were compared in their behaviour in RP-HPLC. B. discolor stores three AKH peptides in its CC: two of those are octapeptides, Schgr-AKH-II (pELNFSTGWamide) and Peram-CAH-II (pELTFTPNWamide), whereas the third peptide is a decapeptide, Phyle-CC (pELTFTPNWGSamide. The concentration of carbohydrates in the haemolymph of B. discolor is about 3 times higher than the lipid concentration. Upon injection with synthetic Schgr-AKH-II no adipokinetic or hypertrehalosaemic effect was measurable. A literature survey appears to indicate that an active role of these AKH peptides in substrate mobilisation is only overtly displayed in those caeliferan species that undertake well-defined flight periods.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3380. Blaena tamasi sp. n. from Western Australia, the first species of Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with staphylinoid wing modification
- Creator:
- Lis, Jerzy A.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Heteroptera, Cydnidae, Blaena, Australia, new species, morphology, wing modification, and key
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Blaena tamasi sp. n., the first species of Cydnidae with staphylinoid modification of wings, is described from Western Australia. The rare cases of wing modifications in Cydnidae and Pentatomoidea are briefly discussed. A key to all known species of the genus Blaena Walker is also provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public