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492. Impact of armour layer on the depth of scour hole around side-by-side bridge piers under ice-covered flow condition
- Creator:
- Namaee, Mohammad Reza and Sui, Jueyi
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- armour layer, local scour, bridge pier, ice cover, non-uniform sand, and erosion of river-bed
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In the present study, experiments were conducted in a large-scale flume to investigate the issue of local scour around side-by-side bridge piers under both ice-covered and open flow conditions. Three non-uniform sediments were used in this experimental study. Analysis of armour layer in the scour holes around bridge piers was performed to inspect the grain size distribution curves and to study the impact of armour layer on scour depth. Assessments of grain size of deposition ridges at the downstream side of bridge piers have been conducted. Based on data collected in 108 experiments, the independent variables associated with maximum scour depth were assessed. Results indicate that the densimetric Froude number was the most influential parameter on the maximum scour depth. With the increase in grain size of the armour layer, ice cover roughness and the densimetric Froude number, the maximum scour depth around bridge piers increases correspondingly. Equations have been developed to determine the maximum scour depth around bridge piers under both open flow and ice covered conditions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
493. Impact of secondary succession in abandoned fields on some properties of acidic sandy soils
- Creator:
- Lichner, Ľubomír, Iovino, Massimo , Šurda, Peter, Nagy, Viliam, Zvala, Anton, Kollár, Jozef, Pecho, Jozef, Píš, Vladimír, Sepehrnia, Nasrollah, and Sándor, Renáta
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- water repellency, acidic sandy soil, land abandonment, secondary succession, and soil properties
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Abandonment of agricultural lands in recent decades is occurring mainly in Europe, North America and Oceania, and changing the fate of landscapes as the ecosystem recovers during fallow stage. The objective of this study was to find the impact of secondary succession in abandoned fields on some parameters of acidic sandy soils in the Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia). We investigated soil chemical (pH and soil organic carbon content), hydrophysical (water sorptivity, and hydraulic conductivity), and water repellency (water drop penetration time, water repellency cessation time, repellency index, and modified repellency index) parameters, as well as the ethanol sorptivity of the studied soils. Both the hydrophysical and chemical parameters decreased significantly during abandonment of the three investigated agricultural fields. On the other hand, the water repellency parameters increased significantly, but the ethanol sorptivity did not change during abandonment. As the ethanol sorptivity depends mainly on soil pore size, the last finding could mean that the pore size of acidic sandy soils did not change during succession.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
494. Impact of soil compaction on water content in sandy loam soil under sunflower
- Creator:
- Nagy, Viliam, Šurda, Peter, Lichner, Ľubomír, Kovács, Attila J., and Milics, Gábor
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- soil compaction, soil penetration resistance, bulk density, and water flow
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Soil compaction causes important physical modifications at the subsurface soil, especially from 10 to 30 cm depths. Compaction leads to a decrease in infiltration rates, in saturated hydraulic conductivity, and in porosity, as well as causes an increase in soil bulk density. However, compaction is considered to be a frequent negative consequence of applied agricultural management practices in Slovakia. Detailed determination of soil compaction and the investigation of a compaction impact on water content, water penetration depth and potential change in water storage in sandy loam soil under sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was carried out at 3 plots (K1, K2 and K3) within an experimental site (field) K near Kalinkovo village (southwest Slovakia). Plot K1 was situated on the edge of the field, where heavy agricultural equipment was turning. Plot K2 represented the ridge (the crop row), and plot K3 the furrow (the inter–row area of the field). Soil penetration resistance and bulk density of undisturbed soil samples was determined together with the infiltration experiments taken at all defined plots. The vertical bulk density distribution was similar to the vertical soil penetration resistance distribution, i.e., the highest values of bulk density and soil penetration resistance were estimated at the plot K1 in 15–20 cm depths, and the lowest values at the plot K2. Application of 50 mm of water resulted in the penetration depth of 30 cm only at all 3 plots. Soil water storage measured at the plot K2 (in the ridge) was higher than the soil water storage measured at the plot K3 (in the furrow), and 4.2 times higher than the soil water storage measured at the most compacted plot K1 on the edge of the field. Results of the experiments indicate the sequence in the thickness of compacted soil layers at studied plots in order (from the least to highest compacted ones): K2–K3–K1.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
495. Impacts of grass removal on wetting and actual water repellency in a sandy soil
- Creator:
- Oostindie, Klaas, Dekker, Louis W., Wesseling, Jan G., Geissen, Violette, and Ritsema, Coen J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- actual soil water repellency, critical soil water content, irregular wetting, preferential flow, transition zone, and water drop penetration time (WDPT) test
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Soil water content and actual water repellency were assessed for soil profiles at two sites in a bare and grass-covered plot of a sand pasture, to investigate the impact of the grass removal on both properties. The soil of the plots was sampled six times in vertical transects to a depth of 33 cm between 23 May and 7 October 2002. On each sampling date the soil water contents were measured and the persistence of actual water repellency was determined of field-moist sam-ples. Considerably higher soil water contents were found in the bare versus the grass-covered plots. These alterations are caused by differences between evaporation and transpiration rates across the plots. Noteworthy are the often excessive differences in soil water content at depths of 10 to 30 cm between the bare and grass-covered plots. These differences are a consequence of water uptake by the roots in the grass-covered plots. The water storage in the upper 19 cm of the bare soil was at least two times greater than in the grass-covered soil during dry periods. A major part of the soil profile in the grass-covered plots exhibited extreme water repellency to a depth of 19 cm on all sampling dates, while the soil profile of the bare plots was completely wettable on eight of the twelve sampling dates. Significant differences in persistence of actual water repellency were found between the grass-covered and bare plots.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
496. Implicitní pravidla
- Creator:
- Peregrin, Jaroslav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- implicit rules, language, rules, and rule following
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In his criticism of my book Člověk a pravidla [Man and rules], Michal Ivan scrutinized my notion of implicit rule, concluding that it is flawed. In this contribution, I defend my approach, explaining the notion in greater detail. I state that my talk about the existence of an implicit rule refers to the social setting in which some kinds of social (especially linguistic) actions are governed by normative attitudes of the members of the society. These normative attitudes institute the propriety which make instances of actions of the kinds either correct or incorrect; hence people can follow or violate the rule, the rule can come into being, develop, and fade away - without it being explicitly articulated., Ve své kritice své knize Člověk Pravidla [ Člověk a pravidla ], Michal Ivan prozkoumány mé pojem implicitního pravidla, k závěru, že je chybné. V tomto příspěvku obhajuji svůj přístup a podrobněji vysvětluji pojem. Prohlašuji, že můj rozhovor o existenci implicitního pravidla odkazuje na sociální prostředí, ve kterém jsou některé druhy společenských (zejména jazykových) akcí řízeny normativními postoji členů společnosti. Tyto normativní postoje zakládají vhodnost, která činí případy těchto činů správné nebo nesprávné; lidé tak mohou pravidlo dodržovat nebo porušovat, pravidlo může vzniknout, rozvinout se a zmizet - aniž by to bylo výslovně vyjádřeno., and Jaroslav Peregrin
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
497. Impossibilists’ paradise on the cheap?
- Creator:
- Vacek, Martin
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- David Lewis, modal realism, and impossible worlds
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The aim of the paper is to discuss the ersatz theory of Lewis’s impossible worlds, point out its undeniable benefits and demonstrate its costs. Firstly, I present two approaches to Lewis’s impossible worlds taken as constructions out of possibilia. Secondly, I evaluate the proposals using the Lewisian criteria of success concerning the well defined conception of analysis. Although appealing, I do not find the proposals fully persuasive. Thirdly, I discuss the objection from an ad hoc distinction between possible and impossible worlds. I conclude that the objection does not present a special problem for the Lewisian theory. Finally, I motivate a theory of extended modal realism, to wit, modal realism enriched with concrete impossibilia., Cílem práce je diskutovat ersatzovou teorii Lewisových nemožných světů, poukázat na její nepopiratelné výhody a prokázat její náklady. Za prvé, předkládám dva přístupy k Lewisovým nemožným světům, které jsou považovány za konstrukce z možností. Zadruhé hodnotím návrhy s použitím Lewisovských kritérií úspěchu, které se týkají dobře definované koncepce analýzy. I když se mi líbí, nepovažuji návrhy za přesvědčivé. Za třetí, diskutuji o námitce z ad hoc rozlišení mezi možnými a nemožnými světy. Z toho vyvozuji, že námitka nepředstavuje zvláštní problém pro Lewisovu teorii. Nakonec motivuji teorii rozšířeného modálního realismu, vtipu, modálního realismu obohaceného o konkrétní nemožnost., and Martin Vacek
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
498. Improving the positional accuracy of drainage networks extracted from Global Digital Elevation Models using OpenStreetMap data
- Creator:
- Monteiro, Elisabete S.V., Fonte, Cidália C., and de Lima, João L.M.P.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- drainage networks, GDEMs, OpenStreetMap, and positional accuracy
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Drainage networks allow the extraction of topographic parameters that are useful for basins characterization and necessary for hydrologic modelling. One way to obtain drainage networks is by their extraction from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). However, it is common that no freely available DEMs at regional or national level exist. One way to overcome this situation is to use the available free Global Digital Elevation Models (GDEMs). However, these datasets have relatively low spatial resolutions, 30 and 90 meters for ASTER and SRTM, respectively, and it has been shown that their accuracy is relatively low in several regions (e.g., Kääb, 2005; Mukul et al., 2017). In this study a methodology is presented to improve the positional accuracy of the drainage networks extracted from the GDEMs using crowdsourced data available in the collaborative project OpenStreetMap (OSM). In this approach only free and global datasets are used, enabling its application to any location of the world. The methodology uses elevation points derived from the GDEMs and the water lines extracted from the collaborative project OSM to generate new DEMs, from which new water lines are obtained. The methodology is applied to two study areas and the positional accuracy of the used data and the obtained results are assessed using reference data.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
499. Imunologický profil pacientov s chronickou myelózou liečených inhibítormi tyrozínových kináz - literárny prehľad
- Creator:
- Rohoň, Peter, Porkka, Kimmo, and Mustjoki, Satu
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- myeloidní leukemie--diagnóza--etiologie--farmakoterapie, filadelfský chromozom--účinky léků, imunitní systém--patofyziologie--účinky léků, imunologické faktory--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, protein-tyrosinkinasy--antagonisté a inhibitory--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, imunosuprese--škodlivé účinky, piperaziny--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, pyrimidiny--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, thiazoly--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, metaanalýza jako téma, lidé, and financování organizované
- Language:
- Czech, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- Chronická myelocytová leukémia (CML) je klonovou poruchou hemopoetickej kmeňovej bunky s jej diferenciáciou prevažne do myeloidného radu. Inhibítory tyrozínových kináz (TKI) (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib) sú v súčasnosti štandardom liečby CML. Okrem inhibície BCR/ABL onkoproteínu zasahujú i tzv. off-target kinázy (napr. c-KIT, SRC, TEC). Mnohé z nich zohrávajú dôležitú úlohu v imunitnej odpovedi. In vitro štúdie poukazujú na imunosupresívny účinok TKI, veľmi obmedzené sú však údaje z in vivo analýz. Súhrnom je možné konštatovať, že pri liečbe dasatinibom dochádza u časti pacientov k výraznej aktivácii imunitnej odpovede, ktorá vyžaduje intenzívne sledovanie pacientov., Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of hematopoietic stem cell with myeloid differentiation predominantly. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib) are the current standard treatment in CML. In addition to the BCR-ABL oncoprotein, they also inhibit off-target kinases (e. g. c-KIT, SRC, TEC). Some of these kinases have physiological functions in immune responses. In vitro studies have implied immunosuppressive effects of TKI, but comprehensive data form in vivo analyses has been missing. In summary, in a distinct subgroup of dasatinib-treated patients, immune reactivity is significantly enhanced warranting careful follow-up., Peter Rohoň, Kimmo Porkka, Satu Mustjoki, and Lit.: 23
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
500. In defence of the phenomenological objection to mental fictionalism
- Creator:
- Márton, Miklós and Tőzsér, János
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- mental fictionalism, folk psychology, mental antirealism, verificationism, and conceptual dependence
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In this paper, we defend the main claims of our earlier paper “Mental Fictionalism as an Undermotivated Theory” (in The Monist) from Gábor Bács’s criticism, which appeared in his “Mental fictionalism and epiphenomenal qualia” (in Dialectica). In our earlier paper, we tried to show that mental fictionalism is an undermotivated theory, so there is no good reason to give up the realist approach to the folk psychological discourse. The core of Bács’s criticism consists in that our argumentation rests on an equivocation concerning the folk psychological concepts of conscious experiences. In our present argumentation, at first, we shortly recapitulate our earlier argumentation and Bács’s main objection to it. After that, we argue against the case of equivocation, claiming that it rests on a highly implausible and unsupported verificationist approach. Lastly, in answering another remark of Bács’s, we discuss the possibility of a realist mental fictionalism and conclude that it is an incoherent standpoint.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public