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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Subject Europe

31. Maria Theisen, History buech reimenweisz: Geschichte, Bildprogramm und Illuminatoren des Willehalm-Codex König Wenzels IV. von Böhmen, Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek Ser. nov. 2643

Creator:
Gaudek, Tomáš
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Wolfram von Eschenbach, asi 1170-asi 1220, IV., český král a římský král, Václav, 1361-1419, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek., Handschriften- und Inkunabelsammlung, 12.-13. století, středověké rukopisy, iluminované rukopisy, literatura a umění, německý epos, medieval manuscripts, illuminated books and manuscripts, literature and art, German epos, Evropa, Europe, 12, and 09
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Tomáš Gaudek.
Rights:
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32. Merlax bohemicus gen. n., sp. n. , a new fossil dragonfly from the Lower Miocene of northern Bohemia (Odoanta: Aeshnidae)

Creator:
Prokop, Jakub and Nel, André
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Odonata, Aeshnidae, Anactini, adult, new genus, fossil, Lower Miocene, Czech Republic, and Europe
Language:
English
Description:
Two aeshnid dragonflies are described from the Lower Miocene deposits in the Bílina mine in the north of the Czech Republic, including a new genus and species of Anactini, Merlax bohemicus gen. n., sp. n., and a further specimen assigned to the genus Aeshna.
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33. Millennia of continuity in the votive behaviour of Europeans. The testimony of tools for determining the value of metal

Creator:
Ježek, Martin
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Europe, burial, votive behaviour, wetland, water, touchstone, pilgrim badges, Evropa, hrob, votivní chování, voda, prubířský kámen, and poutnické odznaky
Language:
Czech
Description:
Archaeology has a great deal of experience with how the misinterpretation of finds creates a false image of the past. The main reason for this is down to ideologically-conditioned stereotypes. The paper descri-bes one such case involving hundreds of thousands of finds of one type of artefact, commonly classified as whetstones, pendants, amulets, etc., from the Chalcolithic up to the Early Middle Ages. The article emphasises that although touchstones from ancient burials had already been identified using an electron microscopy half a century ago, the interpretation of these finds corresponding to the paradigm from the early 19th century remains popular to this day. For the chemical microanalysis of metal traces preserved on the surface of these stone artefacts, samples were selected from Russian, Slovakian, Swedish and Ukrainian sites, from the Hallstatt period up to the Early Middle Ages, with special regard for their previous interpretation history. However, the main aim is to point out the symbolic role of tools used to test the value of precious metals outside the grave context. Finds from wet environments in particular reveal the continuity of the behaviour of European over the millennia, regardless of the current ideology or cult, and the diversity of artefacts that were, and still are, chosen as a medium for votive behaviour. and Archeologie má mnoho zkušeností s tím, jak chybná interpretace nálezů vytváří falešný obraz minulosti. Hlavní důvod spočívá v ideologických stereotypech. Jeden z příkladů nabízí tento článek, jehož tématem jsou stovky tisíc kamenných předmětů obvykle klasifikovaných jako brousky, přívěšky, amulety apod., a to od eneolitu do raného středověku. Ačkoli byly prubířské kameny z dávných hrobů identifikovány za použití elektronového mikroskopu už před půlstoletím, interpretace dotyčných nálezů zůstává poplatná paralokalit, od doby halštatské do raného středověku. Avšak hlavním cílem je vyzdvihnout symbolickou roli nástrojů užívaných k určení hodnoty kovu mimo pohřební kontext. Zejména nálezy z mokrého prostředí odhalují tisíciletou kontinuitu v chování Evropanů, nezávislou na dobové ideologii či kultu, a také šíři škály předmětů, které byly, ba dosud jsou, voleny jako prostředek votivního jednání.
Rights:
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34. MODIS snowline elevation changes during snowmelt runoff events in Europe

Creator:
Parajka, Juraj, Bezak, Nejc, Burkhart, John, Hauksson, Bjarki, Holko, Ladislav, Hundecha, Yeshewa, Jenicek, Michal, Krajčí, Pavel, Mangini, Walter, Molnar, Peter, Riboust, Philippe, Rizzi, Jonathan, Sensoy, Aynur, Thirel, Guillaume, and Viglione, Alberto
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
MODIS, snowmelt, runoff events, Europe, and snowline elevation
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This study evaluates MODIS snow cover characteristics for large number of snowmelt runoff events in 145 catchments from 9 countries in Europe. The analysis is based on open discharge daily time series from the Global Runoff Data Center database and daily MODIS snow cover data. Runoff events are identified by a base flow separation approach. The MODIS snow cover characteristics are derived from Terra 500 m observations (MOD10A1 dataset, V005) in the period 2000–2015 and include snow cover area, cloud coverage, regional snowline elevation (RSLE) and its changes during the snowmelt runoff events. The snowmelt events are identified by using estimated RSLE changes during a runoff event. The results indicate that in the majority of catchments there are between 3 and 6 snowmelt runoff events per year. The mean duration between the start and peak of snowmelt runoff events is about 3 days and the proportion of snowmelt events in all runoff events tends to increase with the maximum elevation of catchments. Clouds limit the estimation of snow cover area and RSLE, particularly for dates of runoff peaks. In most of the catchments, the median of cloud coverage during runoff peaks is larger than 80%. The mean minimum RSLE, which represents the conditions at the beginning of snowmelt events, is situated approximately at the mean catchment elevation. It means that snowmelt events do not start only during maximum snow cover conditions, but also after this maximum. The mean RSLE during snowmelt peaks is on average 170 m lower than at the start of the snowmelt events, but there is a large regional variability.
Rights:
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35. Phylogeny of European Dolichopus and Gymnopternus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) and the significance of morphological characters inferred from molecular data

Creator:
Bernasconi, Marco Valerio, Pollet, Marc, Varini-Ooijen, Manuela, and Ward, Paul Irvine
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Diptera, Dolichopodidae, Dolichopus, Ethiromyia, Gymnopternus, Europe, mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b, morphology, ecology, and distribution
Language:
English
Description:
Dolichopodidae (over 6000 described species in more than 200 genera) is one of the most speciose families of Diptera. Males of many dolichopodid species, including Dolichopus, feature conspicuous ornaments (Male Secondary Sexual Characters) that are used during courtship. Next to these MSSCs, every identification key to Dolichopus primarily uses colour characters (postocular bristles; femora) of unknown phylogenetic relevance. The phylogeny of Dolichopodidae has rarely been investigated, especially at the species level, and molecular data were hardly ever involved. We inferred phylogenetic relationships among 45 species (57 samples) of the subfamily Dolichopodinae on the basis of 32 morphological and 1415 nucleotide characters (810 for COI, 605 for Cyt-b). The monophyly of Dolichopus and Gymnopternus as well as the separate systematic position of Ethiromyia chalybea were supported in all analyses, confirming recent findings by other authors based purely on morphology. Within Dolichopus, stable species groups could be assigned to four distinct categories on the basis of their statistical support in 7 phylogenetic analyses: (i) clades significantly supported in all analyses, (ii) clades supported in trees based on DNA and combined data, but only partly in morphological trees, (iii) clades significantly supported in trees based on DNA and combined data, but not in morphological trees, and (iv) clades consistently supported only in morphological trees. The phylogeny generated here provides a better understanding of the phylogenetic relevance of some debated morphological characters used for species and species-group characterizations in the most commonly used identification keys. In this respect, postocular bristle colour proved of little phylogenetic relevance since every group with species featuring black bristles also included species with partly yellow bristles. Entirely or partly infuscated femora explained the nodes of three stable species groups and even revealed an incorrect polarity of this morphological character in three species. Four of 6 complex MSSCs and 5 of 8 more common MSSCs were found consistently in further species groups.
Rights:
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36. Podíl "paleolitických" versus "neolitických" haploskupin Y chromozomu u české populace

Creator:
Kračmarová, Alžběta, Bruchová, Hana, Černý, Viktor, and Brdička, Radim
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
paleolit, neolit, Evropa, archeogenetika, Y chromozom, Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Europe, archaeogenetics, and Y chromosome
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Díky specifickému typu dědičnosti Y chromozómových a mitochondriálních DNA polymorfismů a jejich distribuci v současných světových populacích je možné vyjasnit doposud spornou problematiku týkající se podílu neolitických zemědělců versus paleolitických lovců-sběračů v Evropě. Pro zmapování biologického původu obyvatelstva na území České republiky v mužské linii bylo pozorováno zastoupení různě starých Y chromozómových haploskupin. Do testovaného souboru bylo zařazeno 180 vzorků, které pocházely ze šesti lokalit jižní části České republiky. Z 10 detekovaných haploskupin bylo 6 zastoupeno s frekvencí 5 % či vyšší. Haploskupiny I, R1a a R1b, jejichž geografická distribuce odráží průběh postglaciální rekolonizace Evropy, byly u české populace zaznamenány s celkovou relativní četností 80,6 %. Naopak ty haploskupiny, které mohly být do Evropy zaneseny až neolitickou expanzí (E3b, G a J2) byly na našem území detekovány s frekvencí pouhých 15 %. Ostatní vzorky náležely k poměrně vzácně se vyskytujícím haploskupinám. Zůstává ovšem nedořešenou otázkou, do jaké míry se lidé nesoucí „paleolitické“ haploskupiny (zejména R1a) podíleli na demické difůzi, kterou zemědělské hospodaření před 10 tisíci lety na Předním východě odstartovalo. and Thanks to the specific type of inheritance of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms, and their distribution in modern populations, it is possible to cast light on the hitherto contentious problems relating to the contributions of Neolithic agriculturalists as opposed to Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers in Europe. For mapping the biological origin of the population on the territory of the Czech Republic in the male line, the presence was monitored of various old Y chromosome haplogroups. The test sample included 180 samples from six locations in the southern part of the Czech Republic. Of the 10 haplogroups detected, 6 were present at a frequency of 5 % or higher. Haplogroups I, R1a and R1b, the distribution of which reflects the course of the post-glacial recolonisation of Europe, were recorded in the Czech population with an overall relative frequency of 80.6 %. By contrast, those haplogroups which could have been brought to Europe only as late as during the Neolithic expansion (E3b, G and J2) were detected with a frequency of only 15 %. The remaining samples contained relatively rarely appearing haplogroups. The question remains unanswered, of course, as to what extent those people carrying ‘Palaeolithic’ haplogroups (particularly R1a) contributed to the demic diffusion triggered by agricultural management in the Near East some ten thousand years ago.
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37. Prag und die grossen Kulturzentren Europas in der Zeit der Luxemburger (1310-1437), hg. Markéta Jarošová - Jiří Kuthan - Stefan Scholz

Creator:
Martina Kudlíková
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Lucemburkové (rod), 14.-15. století, dějiny umění, středověké umění, kulturní vztahy, history of art, medieval art, cultural relations, Praha (Česko), Evropa, Prague (Czechia), Europe, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Martina Kudlíková.
Rights:
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38. Práven aspekty ochrany archeologického kultúrneho dedičstva v Európe

Creator:
Michalík, Tomáš
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologické kultúrne dedičstvo, právo, detektory kovov, nálezné, vlastníctvo, Európa, Maltský dohovor, archaeological cultural heritage, law, metal detectors, finder's reward, ownership, Europe, and the Malta Convention
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Pre vedenie korektnej diskusie odbornej verejnosti o vhodnom prístupe k archeologickému kultúrnemu dedičstvu v ustavične sa meniacich podmienkach je nevyhnutné disponovať základnými informáciami o spôsoboch, ktoré v danej oblasti zvolili iné štáty a o dôsledkoch, ktoré ich právna úprava vyvolala v praktickej rovine. Príspevok poskytuje prehľad o súčasnom stave právnych úprav ochrany archeologického kultúrneho dedičstva vo vybraných štátoch Európy, konkrétne o zákonnej definícii predmetu ochrany, oznamovacej povinnosti nálezcu archeologického nálezu vo vzťahu k štátnemu orgánu, otázke vlastníckeho práva k predmetom archeologického kultúrneho dedičstva, náleznom a detektoroch kovov. and For the purpose of holding a proper discussion within the professional community about a suitable approach to the archaeological cultural heritage in continually changing conditions, it is necessary to have basic information about the ways which other states have chosen in the given area, as well as to be aware of the effect, which their legal regulations have had on the practical level. In an informative way, this contribution provides an overview of the current state of legal regulations pertaining to archaeological cultural heritage protection in selected European states, in particular describing the legal definition of an object under protection, the notification obligation of the finder of an archaeological find in relation to state authorities, the question of ownership rights to objects which are part of the archaeological cultural heritage and the finder’s reward. The issue of legal regulation of the use of metal detectors in archaeology is presented in a detailed way.
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40. Principy Expertní rady evropských akademií (EASAC). Zásady dialogu akademické obce s politickou reprezentací

Creator:
Zika, Robert
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, akademie věd, reprezentace (politika), dialog, academies of science, representation (politics), dialogue, Evropa, Europe, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
překlad Robert Zika. and Příloha AB 9/2014
Rights:
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