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12. Genderová slepota, citlivost, nebo provokace?: polohy a možnosti překladu

Creator:
Kalivodová, Eva
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, překlady, gender in translation, the gender of a text, feminist translation, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Explaining which circumstances, influences and phenomena enter into the gender of a text, the paper considers the conditions of its translatability. In the first part, examples of English -Czech translations of non -literary and literary texts are chosen for discussion. It is argued that even texts with a feminist potential, i.e. texts in whose themes and forms gender issues are highlighted as an apparent result of the author’s political intention or imaginative work, can lose this potential in the process of being translated into Czech. This is the case in the work of translators who are blind to gender manifestations in the text, and/or who suppress the gender of the translated text in accord with the cultural, textual, and language norms of the target (Czech) culture. In contrast with the quite frequent “gender blindness” of Czech translators, the article in its second part discusses the provocative concepts and approaches of Feminist Translation – a critical discourse and translation practice with its roots in the 1970s Québec. Though a few Czech translations are close to Feminist Translation, the main benefit of introducing it into the Czech milieu is to make the gender of a text an issue, and to work for its acknowledgement through small concrete steps., Eva Kalivodová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

13. Genderové inovace v malém podnikání. Institucionální podmínky a dosahování genderové (ne)rovnosti u podnikatelských párů

Creator:
Dlouhá, Marie, Jurik, Nancy, and Křízková, Alena
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, slaďování rodinného a pracovního života, gender, work-life balance, gender in entrepreneurship, copreneurs, gender innovation, institutional conditions, gender equality, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Using the so-called embeddedness perspective, this article highlights the importance of context (time, space and institutions) for the direction of current research on the gender structure of entrepreneurship. The authors focus mainly on the effects of institutional context, namely tax and family policies, on business couples (copreneurs). The emphasis is on how these factors and formal institutions, which are reflected in informal gender norms, influence the work-life balance strategies of copreneurs. Based on a qualitative analysis of 24 in-depth interviews, the authors identify three strategies of achieving work-life balance and using welfare state measures: individualistic, adapting and innovating. Based on separate in-depth interviews with these business and life partners, we are also able to analyse the dynamics of communication between them. We draw attention to the finding that the strategies identified are not exclusive and may change during one’s life course and business career. Despite their differences, in some respects all these strategies preserve and reproduce gender inequality because it is embedded in the social context and institutional framework for economic activity and work-life balance in the Czech Republic., Marie Dlouhá, Nancy Jurik, Alena Křížková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

14. Genderové praktiky v konstrukci akademické excelence: ovce s pěti nohama

Creator:
Brink, Marieke van den and Benschop, Yvonne
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, akademická povolání, construction of excellence, gender practices, inequality, meritocracy, recruitment and selection, women in academia, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Academic excellence is allegedly a universal and gender neutral standard of merit. This article examines exactly what is constructed as academic excellence at the micro-level, how evaluators operationalize this construct in the criteria they apply in academic evaluation, and how gender inequalities are imbued in the construction and evaluation of excellence. We challenge the view that the academic world is governed by the normative principle of meritocracy in its allocation of rewards and resources. Based on an empirical study of professorial appointments in the Netherlands, we argue that academic excellence is an evasive social construct that is inherently gendered. We show how gender is practiced in the evaluation of professorial candidates, resulting in disadvantages for women and privileges for men that accumulate to produce substantial inequalities in the construction of excellence., Marieke van den Brink, Yvonne Benschop., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

15. Genderové role v rodině pohledem dětských aktérů

Creator:
Slepičková, Lenka and Kvapilová Bartošová, Michaela
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gender, rodina, family, child as a social actor, research with children, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article is based on research conducted with young children, and uses methods of data collection that are suitable and appropriate for children (focus groups, writing, and drawing). Theoretically grounded in a child-perspective research, we intend to contribute to the debate on the transition of gender order in the Czech environment. The text focuses particularly on the issue of gender roles both in the family of participating children and in their projections of roles of individual family members. An analysis of children’ views shows that they identify with the gender categories of “men” and “women” and construct these categories as opposite and firmly bounded. Despite the awareness of conflicts and problems that the unequal distribution of domestic tasks can bring, children mostly support the traditional division of roles and refer to them as normal, natural and corresponding to the physical characteristics of men and women. On the other hand, egalitarian attitudes (the view of division of roles as not depending on gender) are expressed by some children, more often by children from the urban school than from the village school., Lenka Slepičková, Michaela Kvapilová Bartošová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

16. Genderové souvislosti reforem důchodového systému v ČR

Creator:
Radka Dudová
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, sociology, gender, pension system, pension reforms, unpaid work, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper discusses changes that have occurred in the Czech pension system since 1996 in terms of their gender impact. The pension system is considered in a broader socio-economic context. I take into account different working careers of men and women and their unequal share in unpaid care work. I analyse individual steps of the reform (the criteria for entitlement to a retirement pension, changes in the mechanism for calculating pension benefits, and the newly established private second pillar) and show the impact of these changes on women and men in retirement. I conclude that although the reform is presented as gender-neutral just because it maintains the same conditions for both sexes, it ultimately brings significant deterioration in women’s retirement situation as compared to men’s. An increase in the level of equivalence - and therefore the increasing dependence of the pension entitlement on previous income from paid work - means that, in the logic of the pension system, unpaid work associated particularly with childcare is valued less and less and gender inequalities in the labour market are reproduced., Radka Dudová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17. Intersekcionální perspektiva zkoumání dopadů krize na životní dráhy v ČR: gender, třída, věk (a rodičovství)

Creator:
Křížková, Alena and Formánková, Lenka
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, gender, nezaměstnanost, unemployment, intersectional perspective, impact of the economic crisis on employment, labour market, parenthood, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The intersectional perspective represents, in Czech sociology, an untapped opportunity to examine the interaction between the different lines of inequality in the process of constantly changing social structure. This article aims to enrich current Czech sociological research in two ways. Firstly, it analyses and describes the impacts of the economic crisis on labour market relations in the Czech Republic. Secondly, it applies the intersectional perspective in a quantitative analysis of structural inequalities. In this perspective, we analyse the changing structure of the labour market between 2008 and 2012 at the intersection of gender, class (education), age and parenthood, using statistical indicators. Moreover, we use event-history analysis to capture the risk of job loss in the first phase of the crisis (2008–2010). Our analysis shows that the economic crisis deepened existing inequalities in the labour market, further differentiated female labour market prospects by educational attainment, especially in interaction with parenthood, and also rapidly deteriorated the labour market situation of men with low education, including fathers of small children., Alena Křížková, Lenka Formánková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

20. Jeho a její pohled: střídavá péče z perspektivy matek a otců

Creator:
Vohlídalová, Marta
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie, mateřství, otcovství, gender, motherhood, fatherhood, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The number of children in shared custody has been growing slowly in the CR. Today shared custody presents about 8 % of divorce cases with dependent children decided by courts. Despite this trend, there is a lack of research on how shared custody is practiced and experienced by Czech parents. The aim of this paper is to partially fill this gap. In the paper I ask how shared custody is related to the disruption of traditional gender ideology and performance of paternal and maternal roles and gender inequalities between partners. The analysis is based on 13 in-depth interviews with couples (mothers and fathers separately) who have shared custody. The analysis indicated that even if shared custody may be considered to be a tool for disrupting gender stereotypes and gender inequality between parents, it proved to be associated both with the confirmation and disruption of gender stereotypes associated with fatherhood and motherhood. While certain aspects of the practices and culture of shared custody are associated with “undoing gender”(especially regarding fatherhood), in other aspects it enhances and reproduces the gender power inequality between ex-partners and traditional expectations associated with parental roles., Marta Vohlídalová., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public