V Sobotce, rodišti Bohuslava Raýmana, byla tomuto významnému českému chemikovi a organizátorovi vědeckého života nedávno při příležitosti stého výročí jeho úmrtí odhalena velmi pěkná pamětní deska. Ačkoli jeho vlastní specializací byla organická chemie, především pak výzkum aromatických sloučenin, cukrů a kvasných procesů, patřil k nemnoha našim badatelům a učitelům rozpoznavším již tehdy klíčový význam fyziky pro chemii., Jiří Jindra., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Vzestup české fyziky na přelomu 19. a 20. století je neodmyslitelně spjat s činností jedné velké osobnosti, zakladatele Fysikálního ústavu české university v Praze Čeňka Strouhala .Od jeho narození uplynulo 10. dubna 2010 právě 160 let., Jan Valenta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper focuses on Ernst Mach's contributions to teaching on the one side and technology-oriented research on the other side. The first part sums up Mach's views concerning the role of natural sciences and humanities within the curriculum and, in particular, culture in general. The second part deals with Mach's contribution to applied sciences and technology, mentioning some of his most original inventions in that field., Emilie Těšínská, Ivan Landa, Jiří Drahoš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We first recall the main features of Mach's radical attitude to the "philosophy of science", illustrated best by his criticism of absolute space and time, and discuss the impact of Mach's ideas on the birth of special and general relativity. The experiment to demonstrate "Machian effects" of dragging of inertial frames by a rotating body (carried out by four gyroscopes placed in an orbit around the Earth) was conceived in 1959 but only in 2014 was the satellite launched. The last results from the experiment were finally summarised at the end of 2015: they confirm the dragging as predicted by general relativity with an accuracy of 19 %. We show that a rotating black hole can even drag magnetic field lines and indicate possible astrophysical meaning of processes of this type. in the concluding parts, our investigation of dragging effects by gravitational waves and the study of Mach's principle in the context of cosmology, obtained in collaboration with Donald Lynden-Bell (Cambridge) and Joseph Katz (Jerusalem), are briefly reviewed., Jiří Bičák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Jan Valenta. and Použity úryvky z populárních článků a předmluv k učebnicím let 1900-1910, převážně 1906-1910, se zachováním dobového pravopisu a interpunkce.)
Ernst Mach was already an internationally recognised experimental physicist, when he, after professorships for Mathematics and Physics in Graz and Experimental Physics in Prague, took over the chair for "Philosophy, particularly for the History and Theory of the Inductive Sciences", at the University of Vienna in 1895. This turn from natural sciences to philosophy was really an exception in the academic field. Although he was not a specialist in philosophy his ideas exhibited a remarkable influence. Here is the first part of the author's text, the second, closing part (Mach and Philosophy) will be published in the next issue of this Journal., Friedrich Stadler ; z angličtiny a němčiny přeložil M. Černohorský., and Obsahuje bibliografii