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22. Isolation and characterization of 15 microsatellite markers for the highly invasive box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
- Creator:
- Bras, Audrey, Sauné, Laure, Roques, Alain, Rousselet, Jérôme, and Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Cydalima perspectalis, microsatellites, genetic diversity, invasive insect, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study, we report the development of a set of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Walker), a highly invasive insect in Europe causing significant damage to natural and ornamental Buxus trees. The markers were characterized for four distant populations in both its native (China, two populations) and invasive ranges (Czech Republic and Turkey, one population each). The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 12. No marker significantly deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all the populations sampled. These microsatellite markers are promising tools for further studies on the invasive pathways and dispersal pattern of the box tree moth in Europe., Audrey Bras, Laure Sauné, Alain Roques, Jérôme Rousselet, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
23. Juvenile hormone analogue, fenoxycarb, modulates ecdysone-triggered transcriptional hierarchy during programmed cell death of midgut in silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
- Creator:
- Goncu, Ebru, Uranli, Ramazan, and Parlak, Osman
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, bourcovití, apoptóza, butterflies, Bombycidae, apoptosis, Lepidoptera, autophagy, Bombyx mori, ecdysone related genes, juvenile hormone, midgut, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone are the main regulators of insect development; however, it is unclear how they interact in the regulation of metamorphic events. Using the silkworm, Bombyx mori, we show that the juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb affects the cascade of ecdysone regulated genes that control the programmed cell death in the larval midgut. Morphological changes that occur during cell death were investigated by studying cross-sections of the midgut stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Apoptosis-specific DNA fragmentation was detected using TUNEL assay. Expression patterns of genes ATG8 and ATG12, which were used as indicators of autophagy, and genes of the ecdysone-regulated gene cascade were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fenoxycarb application on day 0 of the 5th larval instar extended the feeding period and postponed programmed cell death in mature larval midgut. This effect was probably due to a delay in ecdysone secretion and associated changes in gene expression were mostly not a direct response to the fenoxycarb. However, differences in the gene expression patterns in the control and fenoxycarb treated insects during the prepupal and early pupal stages indicated that fenoxycarb may also exert a more direct effect on some genes of the ecdysone regulated gene cascade., Ebru Goncu, Ramazan Uranli, Osman Parlak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
24. Laboratory rearing of Sycanus annulicornis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on two species of prey: Differences in its biology and efficiency as a predator of the nettle caterpillar pest Setothosea asigna (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)
- Creator:
- Sahid, Abdul, Natawigena, Wahyu D, Hersanti, and Sudarjat
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- polokřídlí, zákeřnicovití, motýli, Hemiptera, Reduviidae, butterflies, Sycanus annulicornis, Lepidoptera, Limacodidae, Setothosea asigna, laboratory rearing, Crocidolomia pavonana, Tenebrio molitor, different prey diets, biological parameters, predatory ability, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Setothosea asigna van Eecke is a dominant defoliator pest in oil palm plantations. To control this pest, a generalist predatory bug, Sycanus annulicornis Dohrn, was used as it is easy to rear on several different species of prey. In this study, we evaluated the influence of different prey on the biology and the ability of S. annulicornis to attack and kill the nettle caterpillar pest S. asigna. Based on laboratory rearing, the larvae of Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a suitable prey for both the growth and development of S. annulicornis, as its nymphal development is shorter (74.0 ± 7.3 days) and adult longevity longer (81.0 ± 9.0 days for male and 64.8 ± 12.4 days for female, respectively) than when reared on the larvae of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (44.0 ± 16.7 days for male and 52.6 ± 14.4 days for female). However, S. annulicornis reared on T. molitor larvae attacked 2.0-2.2 larvae of S. asigna per day, which is more than the 1.6-1.7 larvae per day of those reared on C. pavonana, which indicates that the larvae of T. molitor are a more effective diet for rearing S. annulicornis as biocontrol agent for the S. asigna., Abdul Sahid, Wahyu D. Natawigena, Hersanti, Sudarjat., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
25. Maladaptive host choice by an alien leaf miner Phyllonorycter leucographella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has the potential to limit its invasiveness
- Creator:
- Walczak, Urszula, Bogdziewicz, Michał, Żytkowiak, Roma, Karolewski, Piotr, and Baraniak, Edward
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, vzpřímenkovití, butterflies, Gracillariidae, Lepidoptera, Phyllonorycter leucographella, invasive species, alien leaf miner, host selection, specific leaf area, infestation rate, insect development, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Alien phytophagous insects are often introduced along with their host plants, creating opportunities for troublesome invasions. Yet, not all of them are able to successfully colonize novel host plants. In this study, we investigated host selection by the alien leaf miner Phyllonorycter leucographella (Zeller, 1850) on both its original host and novel host plants in the insect's alien range. We predicted that this insect's percentage infestation of the original host would be positively related to its specific leaf area (SLA), because high-SLA leaves are nutritious and have thin cuticles, traits related to high offspring developmental success. We further hypothesized that this host selection process would apply in the selection of novel host plants. Our results show that this leaf miner selects leaves of its original host plant, Pyracantha coccinea, according to their SLA values. The SLA value was also positively related to the probability of P. leucographella infesting and successfully developing on novel host plants. The selection of high-SLA plants by the moth leads to a high developmental success on novel host plants in the first (summer) generation, but it is likely to be maladaptive in the second (overwintering) generation, because in temperate Europe, high SLA values are associated with deciduous plants that shed their leaves in autumn. It is likely that the apparent maladaptive selection of novel host plants by P. leucographella reduces the invasiveness of this pest by preventing its establishment on native plants., Urszula Walczak, Michał Bogdziewicz, Roma Żytkowiak, Piotr Karolewski, Edward Baraniak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
26. Molecular cloning and functional analyses of an adhesion molecule, neuroglian, in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- Creator:
- Yokoi, Kakeru, Kato, Yoshiaki, Suzuki, Masahiro, and Miura, Ken
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, můrovití, butterflies, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, Mythimna separata, neuroglian, hemocyte adhesion, encapsulation, in situ hybridization, real-time quantitative reverse transcript PCR, RNA interference, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Insect cellular immune reaction, which generally includes phagocytosis, encapsulation and nodule formation, is achieved by hemocytes circulating in insect haemolymph. The shift of hemocytes from the normal phase to the adhering phase is an important process in the cellular immune reaction, which includes the attachment of hemocytes to foreign surfaces or other hemocytes via adhesion factors. Neuroglian is one of the adhering factors associated with encapsulation in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. Here we studied the localization of neuroglian (MsNrg) in Mythimna separata and its functional role in the cellular immune reaction. The distribution of MsNrg mRNA between hemocyte populations was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization, which revealed that MsNrg was highly expressed in adhering hemocytes, especially in plasmatocytes. Unexpectedly, the transcript was observed as well in non-adhering hemocytes, implying neuroglian has a function in non-adhering hemocytes. Moreover, we showed that the amount of MsNrg mRNA was not changed by injections of either biotic or abiotic non-selves. Fewer latex beads were fully encapsulated by hemocytes in larvae treated with MsNrg double-stranded RNA than in control larvae, but their ability to achieve phagocytosis and nodule formation remained unchanged by the MsNrg knockdown. These results indicate that the function of neuroglian in the cellular immune reaction is conserved in D. melanogaster and lepidopteran species, and neuroglian in non-adhering hemocytes could possess unidentified function., Kakeru Yokoi, Yoshiaki Kato, Masahiro Suzuki, Ken Miura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
27. Northern geometrid forest pests (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) hatch at lower temperatures than their southern conspecifics: Implications of climate change
- Creator:
- Fält-Nardmann, Julia, Klemola, Tero, Roth, Mechthild, Ruohomäki, Kai, and Saikkonen, Kari
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, píďalkovití, klimatické změny, líhnutí, fenologie, butterflies, Geometridae, climate changes, hatching, phenology, Evropa severní, Europe, Northern, Lepidoptera, Epirrita autumnata, Erannis defoliaria, Operophtera brumata, photoperiod, synchrony, temperature sum, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Climate change may facilitate shifts in the ranges and the spread of insect pests, but a warming climate may also affect herbivorous insects adversely if it disrupts the locally adapted synchrony between the phenology of insects and that of their host plant. The ability of a pest species to colonize new areas depends on its ability to adjust the timing of phenological events in its life cycle, particularly at high latitudes where there is marked seasonality in temperature and day length. Here we incubated eggs of three species of geometrid moth, Epirrita autumnata, Operophtera brumata and Erannis defoliaria from different geographical populations (E. autumnata and O. brumata from Northern Finland, E. autumnata and E. defoliaria from Southern Finland and all three species from Germany) in a climate chamber at a constant temperature to determine the relative importance of geographic origin in the timing of egg hatch measured in terms of cumulative temperature sums (degree days above 5°C, DD5); i.e. the relative importance of local adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity in the timing of egg hatch. In all three species, eggs from northern populations required a significantly lower temperature sum for hatching than eggs from southern populations, but the differences between them in temperature sum requirements varied considerably among species, with the differences being largest for the earliest hatching and northernmost species, E. autumnata, and smallest for the southern, late-hatching E. defoliaria. In addition, the difference in hatch timing between the E. autumnata eggs from Southern Finland and Germany was many times greater than the difference between the two Finnish populations of E. autumnata, despite the fact that the geographical distances between these populations is similar. We discuss how these differences in hatching time may be explained by the differences in hatch-budburst synchrony and its importance for different moth species and populations. We also briefly reflect on the significance of photoperiod, which is not affected by climate change. It is a controller that works parallel or in addition to temperature sum both for egg hatch in moths and bud burst of their host plants., Julia Fält-Nardmann, Tero Klemola, Mechthild Roth, Kai Ruohomäki, Kari Saikkonen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
28. Plant volatiles challenge inhibition by structural analogs of the sex pheromone in Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
- Creator:
- Sans, Albert, Morán, Miguel, Riba, Magí, Guerrero, Ángel, Roig, Jaume, and Gemeno, César
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, obalečovití, motýli, Tortricidae, butterflies, Lepidoptera, Lobesia botrana, plant volatiles, inhibition, structural analogs, sex pheromone, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Plant volatiles can synergize the response to moth pheromone. Synthetic pheromone analogs, in turn, have the opposite effect in reducing pheromone attractiveness. To determine how these two types of stimuli interact and influence male moth behaviour, we performed wind tunnel experiments on the grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana. We noticed that a blend of host plant volatiles [(E)-β-caryophyllene, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-octen-3-ol in a 100:20:10:5 ratio] significantly increased the response of males to an optimized blend of sex pheromone [(7E,9Z)-dodeca-7,9-dienyl acetate (E7,Z9-12:Ac), (7E,9Z)- dodeca-7,9-dienol (E7,Z9-12:OH) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac)] in a 100:10:2 ratio. However, the response of males to the natural attractant was significantly reduced by two analogs [(9E,11Z)-tetradeca-9,11-dien-2-one (MK 2) and [(9E,11Z)-1,1,1-trifluoro-tetradeca-9,11-dien-2-one (TFMK 3)], of the major component of the sex pheromone of the insect (E7,Z9-12:Ac). When both stimuli were tested on males at pheromone:analog:plant volatile blend 1:100:1000 ratio, the plant blend offset the inhibitory effect induced by TFMK 3 but not that of MK 2. Our results show for the first time that under laboratory conditions plant volatiles can prevent inhibition by a pheromone analog., Albert Sans, Miguel Morán, Magí Riba, Ángel Guerrero, Jaume Roig, César Gemeno., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
29. Relationships between Psychidae communities (Lepidoptera: Tineoidea) and the ecological characteristics of old-growth forests in a beech dominated landscape
- Creator:
- Scalercio, Stefano, Bonacci, Teresa, Turco, Rosario, and Bernardini, Vincenzo
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, biodiverzita, butterflies, biodiversity, Itálie, Italy, Lepidoptera, Psychidae, biological conservation, forest planning, old-growth, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Several studies address the question of which forest attributes are most important for the conservation of biodiversity. Unfortunately, there are no unequivocal answers because the response of a biological group to changes in forest structure depends on its natural history and scale of organization. It is important to increase our knowledge of the potential relationships between under studied groups of species and forest variables in order to adopt timber harvesting strategies not detrimental to biodiversity, especially in old-growth forests. We assessed the importance of 10 forest attributes and old-growth for Psychidae (Lepidoptera) species and communities. Research was carried out in 12 forest stands in a mountainous beech dominated landscape in southern Italy, in the middle of the Mediterranean Basin. Samples were collected in 2001 and 2013 and data were merged after pairwise comparison analyses that confirmed the long term stability of communities. Correspondence Analysis, Cluster Analysis and non-parametric Spearman Rank Order Correlation were used to identify determinants of Psychidae abundance and diversity. We collected 2,732 Psychidae belonging to 8 species. Correspondence analysis identified old-growth as the main determinant of communities. Most significant attributes for individual species were beech dominance, diameter at breast height and its standard deviation. For Taleporia defoliella there were positive correlations with these forest parameters, whereas for Psyche crassiorella the correlations were negative. This study underlined the importance of forest attributes associated with old-growth forests for sustaining biodiversity. These findings indicate the need to incorporate these attributes in forest planning, especially those aspects that are easily recognizable such as the number of large trees., Stefano Scalercio, Teresa Bonacci, Rosario Turco, Vincenzo Bernardini., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
30. RNA interference mediated knockdown of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein induces apoptosis in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- Creator:
- Kamezaki, Masashi, Yokoi, Kakeru, and Miura, Ken
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, můrovití, apoptóza, butterflies, Noctuidae, apoptosis, Mythimna separata, hemocytes, caspase, cDNA, RNA interference, inhibitor of apoptosis protein, TUNEL strain, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Coordinated regulation of apoptosis is critical for development, homeostasis, and immunity in larvae of Metazoa. We determined the full nucleotide sequence of an inhibitor of an apoptosis protein in a lepidopteran insect Mythimna separata (Walker) (MsIAP) and carried out functional analyses of the MsIAP. The full-length cDNA of MsIAP was 1642 bp, which encoded 379 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 41,834 Da, and two BIR domains and one RING domain revealed using amino acid sequence analysis. In addition, the sequences of these domains were similar to Drosophila IAP1 and those of some other lepidopteran insects. We carried out a functional analyses of MsIAP related to apoptosis regulation using RNA interference. The effects of MsIAP knockdown on adhering hemocytes and non-adhering hemocytes as controls were examined using Hoechst33342/propidium iodide staining, effector caspase activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining. A significantly higher number of propidium iodide and TUNEL-positive cells was recorded in adhering hemocytes from MsIAP knockdown larvae than from control larvae, but these differences were not recorded for non-adhering hemocytes. However, higher effector caspase activity was detected in both adhering and non-adhering hemocytes from MsIAP knockdown larvae compared to that in control larvae. These results indicate that the knockdown of MsIAP induces apoptosis in larval adhering hemocytes, which MsIAP negatively and non-redundantly regulate apoptosis, and that IAP function is conserved in M. separata and other insect species including Drosophila and several lepidopteran insects., Masashi Kamezaki, Kakeru Yokoi, Ken Miura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public