The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to sphincterpreserving operation in lowerampullar cancer of rectum. The Materials and methods: In coloproctological branch of National Oncological Scientific centre (NOSC) in 20052009 years 142 patients were performed radical operations, 64 (45,1%) patients were performed sphincterpreserving operations abdominoanal resection of rectum (AARR), medium age of patients 59,8 years, beside 78 (54,9%) patients were performed abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (APER), medium age 54,2 years. The Results: Studied results of the morphological research of removed preparation by histological structure of tumors and by form of the growing, depending on locations of the tumors on toothed line. The remote postoperative results studied beside 51 (79,7%) patient with AARR and beside 63 (80,1%) patients with APER. The Findings: sphincterpreserving operations (SPO) of the rectum can be the operation of the choice in treatment of high differentiated adenocarcinoma (HDA) and medium differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) in stages T23 in localization of the lower pole of tumors, not below 1 centimeter of toothed line (TL) and carries combined character, in location of the lower edge of tumors on toothed line in patients with HDA MDA in 4% and 2,2% cases are shown that completing intrasphincternal resections of rectum, in connection with particular aggressiveness LDA question about choice of the method of the treatment under their localizations directly on TL must be solved in favour of complete APER, in exophytic tumor located onto and above TL is indication for sphincterpreserving operation in type of AARR, indices recurrencefree and not metastatic period, oneyear deathrate, threeyear survivability after SPO at inferior ampular cancer of rectum has not an essential distinction from results after APER., A. M. Hakimov, H. B. Bobokulov, and Literatura
Ciele: Cieľom práce bolo posúdiť spirituálnu tieseň u pacientov s depresívnou poruchou a identifikovať vzťah medzi takouto tiesňou a psychickým distresom. Metodika: Spirituálna tieseň bola posúdená Škálou životnej zmysluplnosti a subškálou existenciálna pohoda zo Škály spirituálnej pohody. Psychický distres bol posúdený dotazníkom SCL 90. Výsledky: Zistili sme, že pacienti s depresiou sú rizikoví z hľadiska prežívania spirituálnej tiesne. Zistili sme početné negatívne signifikantné vzťahy medzi znakmi spirituálnej tiesne a dimenziami psychického distresu. Vyššia miera spirituálnej tiesne bola spojená s vyšším psychickým distresom. Záver: Napriek absencii v ošetrovateľských plánoch je spirituálna tieseň závažný problém. Mimo iného prispieva k zintenzívneniu psychických problémov u pacientov s depresiou. Nedostatočná diagnostika a riešenie tejto diagnózy znižuje kvalitu poskytovanej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti., Aim: The aim of work was to assess spiritual distress in patients with depressive disorder and to identify the relationship between such distress and psychological distress. Methods: To assess spiritual distress, we used Halama′s Life Meaningfulness Scale and as a sub-scale Existential well-being from Spiritual Well-being Scale. Psychological distress was assessed by SCL 90 questionnaire. Results: We found that patients with depression are at risk of experiencing spiritual distress. We found numerous significant negative relationships between variables of spiritual distress and dimensions of psychological distress. Higher level of spiritual distress was associated with higher psychological distress. Conclusion: Despite the absence of diagnosis Spiritual distress in a nursing care plan, it still remains a serious problem, which can lead to increased mental health problems in patients with depression. Lack of diagnostics and solutions to this diagnosis reduces the quality of nursing care., Ivan Farský, and Literatura 15
Cíl: Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo získat informace o protektivních a rizikových faktorech stravování a stravovacích návyků ve vztahu k prevenci kolorektálního karcinomu, a to u záměrně vybrané skupiny adolescentů a dospělých. Výsledky byly porovnávány mezi oběma skupinami a s údaji publikovanými v odborných časopisech. Metodika: Pro výzkum bylo zvoleno kvantitativní dotazníkové šetření za pouţití nestandardizovaného dotazníku vlastní tvorby hodnotícího způsob stravování u obou skupin respondentů. Šetření probíhalo ve dvou záměrně vybraných středních školách a ve čtyřech podnicích v Hradci Králové v období října aţ prosince 2012. Výsledky: Celkem bylo do výzkumného šetření zařazeno 343 respondentů, z toho 123 adolescentů (36 %) a 220 dospělých (64 %). Statistické testování prokázalo, ţe se dospělí stravují kvalitněji neţ adolescenti, přesto však obě skupiny konzumují ovoce a zeleninu v nedostatečném mnoţství a naopak často konzumují červené maso, masné výrobky a potraviny upravené smaţením. Špatné stravovací návyky dosvědčuje i prevalence nadváhy a obezity; 20,4 % dotázaných adolescentů a 63,6 % dospělých má vyšší neţ normální váhu. Třetina adolescentů se navíc stravuje v řetězcích s rychlým občerstvením. Závěr: Zdravá výţiva a vhodné stravovací návyky hrají klíčovou roli v prevenci mnoha onemocnění. Spolu s adekvátní pohybovou aktivitou a nekouřením zásadně sniţují riziko vzniku nejen kolorektálního karcinomu, ale i dalších nádorových i nenádorových onemocnění. Přesto však způsob stravování není ze zdravotního hlediska příznivý a přibývá osob s nadměrnou hmotností., Aim: The aim of the research was to get information about protective and dangerous factors of nutrition and eating habits in relation to the prevention of colorectal cancer. It focuses on intentionally chosen groups of adolescents and adults. The results were compared between both groups of respondents and with information published in professional periodicals. Methods: Quantitative research based on non-standardized questionnaires of own formulation evaluating a way of alimentation of both groups of respondents was chosen. The research took place in two chosen secondary schools and in four companies in Hradec Králové in a period from October to December 2012. Results: The total amount of 343 respondents participated in the research, namely 123 adolescents (36 %) and 220 adults (64 %). Statistical testing has shown that the eating habits of adults are of a higher quality than the eating habits of adolescents. Nevertheless, both groups consume insufficient amount of fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, they frequently consume red meat, meat products and fried food. Bad eating habits are proven even by the quantity of overweight and obesity occurrence; 20,4 % of interviewed adolescents and even 63,6 % of interviewed adults are of a higher than normal weight. Moreover, one third of adolescents eat in fast-foods. Conclusion: Healthy nutrition and correct eating habits play a key role in the prevention of many diseases. Together with adequate physical activity and no smoking they reduce essentially the risk of occurrence not only of colorectal cancer but also of other cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, the way of alimentation is not beneficial from the point of view of health and the number of people with overweight is increasing., Tereza Dolénková, Pavol Hlúbik, and Literatura
Článek sleduje problematiku stydlivosti jako emocion álního osobnostního rysu, pro který je typický strach z negativního hodnocení doprováze ný emoční nepohodou. Nejvýznamnější emocí uplatňující se při zaměření pozo rnosti na vlastní selhání a je stud. Stydlivost, která se stane negativní součá stí sebepojetí, působí negativně na životní spokojenost člověka a má rovněž úzký vztah k psychickým poruchám. K posouzení míry stydlivosti lze využít čes ký překlad „Dotazníku stydlivosti“ (2002). Dále sledujeme vztah stydlivosti k rysům pětifaktorového modelu. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 51 osob se smíšenou úzkostně depresivní poruchou a 50 osob se z ávislostí na alkoholu., Our paper analyses the issues of shyness as emotiona l personality trait for which the fear of negative judgement is typical, accompanied by emo tional discomfort. The most significant emotion when focusing on our own failure s and functioning is shame. The shyness which becomes part of negative self-image has adverse impact on individual’s life satisfaction and also has close relationship t o mental disorders. To assess the degree of shyness the Czech translation of "Questionnaire of shyness" by Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo (2002) may be used. Furthermore, we study the relationship between shyness and personality traits using the five-facto r model. The research sample consisted of 51 people with mixed anxiety and depressive diso rders and 50 people with alcohol dependence., Juračková P., and Literatura
Cíl: Cílem našeho příspěvku bylo zjistit vztah mezi konstrukty kvality života související se zdravím Health Related Quality of Life, používaný ve standardní zkratce HRQoL a subjektivní pohody Subjective well-being, používaný ve standardně zavedené zkratce SWB, u pacientů s chronickým onemocněním, konkrétně bronchiálním astmatem. Zaměřujeme se na diskriminační validitu obou konstruktů. Metodika: Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 316 pacientů, kteří byli vyšetřeni na plicní ambulanci ve Fakultní nemocnici Ostrava. HRQoL byla hodnocena prostřednictvím zkrácené verze Dotazníku kvality života astmatiků (Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Mini AQLQ), SWB prostřednictvím Indexu osobní pohody (Personal Wellbeing Index, PWI). Ke zjištění závislosti mezi vybranými proměnnými byl použit Pearsonův korelační koeficient a lineární regresní analýza. Diskriminační validitu jsme zkoumali prostřednictvím zkoumání rozdílů v HRQoL a SWB z hlediska vybraných klinických proměnných. Rozdíly v HRQoL a SWB byly zjišťovány vícefaktorovou analýzou rozptylu (ANOVA). Výsledky: Korelace mezi HRQoL (operacionalizované prostřednictvím Mini AQLQ) a SWB (operacionalizované prostřednictvím PWI) jsou pozitivní a středně silné. Percepce kontroly astmatu byla identifikovaná jako signifikantní prediktor obou konstruktů, avšak vytvářela vyšší míru variability v rámci HRQoL. Závěr: SWB a HRQoL představují související, avšak odlišné konstrukty. Výsledky podporují chápání HRQoL jako konstruktu založeném na větší míře klinických proměnných než je tomu u SWB., Aim: The goal of the study was to determine the relationship between the health-related quality of life (usually abbreviated as HRQoL) and subjective well-being (usually abbreviated as SWB) of patients with chronic disease, namely bronchial asthma. The focus was on discriminative validity of both constructs. Methods: The research sample consisted of 316 patients examined at the Pulmonary Clinic of the University Hospital Ostrava. HRQoL was assessed by a short version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini AQLQ) and SWB was assessed by the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used for evaluation of dependencies between selected variables. Discriminative validity was explored by examination of differences between HRQoL and SWB relevant to selected clinical variables. Differences in HRQoL and SWB were detected by multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The correlations between HRQoL (assessed by the Mini AQLQ) and SWB (assessed by the PWI) are positive and moderate. Perception of asthma control was identified as a significant predictor of both constructs. However, it produced greater variance in the context of HRQoL. Conclusion: SWB and HRQoL are related but distinct constructs. The results support the notion of HRQoL as a construct based on a larger set of clinical variables as compared to SWB., Patricie Popelková, Elena Gurková, and Literatura
The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%). 19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years. The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick subtotalis form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipoor aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga traced from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result., Mirzahmedov M. M., Ahmedov M. A., Sapaev D. A., and Literatura
Aim of investigation: to study immediate and remote results of standard and extended lymphodissection in patients with rectal cancer. Material and methods: 132 patients with rectal cancer were performed radical surgery with lymphodissection in D2 and D3 volume according to a height of tumor location. In immediate postoperated period there were noted complications in 4 patients that made up 3,03%. Observation time was 5 years. Tumor recurrence was reported in 5 patients (3,8%). In remote period metastases were revealed in 8 patients (6,6%). 5year total survival rate was 78,5±4,2% at stage II. 5year total survival rate was 56,4±3,7% at stage III. Comparing the results of standard and extended lymphodissection it was noted statistically authentic increase of 5 year survival rate in patients at stage III. Obtained data allow to come to the conclusion about reasonability of performance of different variants of lymphodissection for patients with rectal cancer at stages II and III., Navruzov S. N., Abdujapparov S. B., Akbarov E. T., Navruzov B. S., Islamov H. D., and Literatura
Cieľ: Cieľom výskumu bolo monitorovať a zhodnotiť rozdiely v hodnotení sledovaných indikátorov kvality ţivota pacientov s proliferatívnou a neproliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou. Metodika: Výskumnú vzorku tvorili pacienti s diabetickou retinopatiou (DR) v celkovom počte 80. Prvú skupinu tvorilo 27 pacientov s proliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou (PDR) a druhú 53 pacientov s neproliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou (NPDR). Komparácia prebiehala v závislosti od typu DR. Zber údajov bol realizovaný štandardizovaným dotazníkom NIE VFQ-25 (National Eye Institute – Visual Function Questionnaire) na Očnom oddelení vo Fakultnej nemocnici s poliklinikou (FNsP) J. A. Reimana v Prešove. Výsledky: T-testom boli u oboch komparovaných skupín pacientov zistené významné rozdiely vo všetkých sledovaných ukazovateľoch kvality ţivota: všeobecný zdravotný stav a zrak, problémy s videním do blízka a do diaľky, vplyv ochorenia na dosahovanie ţivotných cieľov, menšia kontrola nad svojím konaním, obmedzenie dĺţky aktivít, obmedzenie zotrvania iba na domáce prostredie, spoliehanie sa na poskytnuté informácie inými ľuďmi, potreba pomoci od iných ľudí. Záver: Čiastočná alebo úplná strata schopnosti vidieť v súvislosti s diabetom má na kvalitu ţivota diabetika s proliferatívnou diabetickou retinopatiou v holistickom poňatí, teda v biologickej, psychickej a sociálnej dimenzii negatívny dopad. Je preto nevyhnutné dostupnými spôsobmi predchádzať tejto chronickej komplikácii., Aim: To monitor and evaluate the differences in the evaluation of monitored indicators of quality of life of patients with proliferative and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: The research sample comprised a total of 80 patients with DR. The first group consisted of 27 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the second group of 53 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The comparison was carried out according to the degree of DR. The data were collected using the standardized National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) at the Ophthalmic Department of J. A. Reiman Hospital in Prešov. Results: In both compared patient groups, T-tests showed significant differences in all studied quality of life parameters: general health and vision, difficulty seeing far away and up close, the impact of the disease on achieving life goals, being limited in control over and in length of their activities, being limited to their homes, relying on the information provided by other people and needing help from others. Conclusion: In a holistic concept, i.e. biological, psychological and social dimensions, partial or complete loss of the ability to see due to diabetes has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with proliferative DR. Therefore, this chronic complication must be prevented by any available means., Mária Kaščáková, Ľudmila Majerníková, Janka Slaninková, and Literatura
Cieľ: Zámerom štúdie bolo zistiť, či dĺžka praxe ovplyvňuje mieru syndrómu vyhorenia v nami sledovanom súbore sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Metódy: Zvolili sme štandardne využívaný dotazník na stanovenie miery syndrómu vyhorenia Maslach Burnout Inventory, ktorý on-line formou mohli vypĺňať sestry a pôrodné asistentky zaregistrované v Slovenskej komore sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Vzorku tvorilo 844 sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Výsledky: Hlbšou analýzou sa potvrdil štatisticky významný vzťah medzi mierou syndrómu vyhorenia a dĺžkou praxe. Sestry a pôrodné asistentky pracujúce v období od 1–3 rokov a od 5 rokov majú signifi kantne vyšší výskyt syndrómu vyhorenia. Závery: Zistené výsledky môžu uplatniť najmä zamestnávatelia v oblasti prevencie syndrómu vyhorenia., Aim: The aim of this study was to explore whether the length of employment aff ects the rate of burnout syndrome in nurses and midwives. Methods: In our research, we employed the standardized Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, which was completed on-line by nurses and midwives registered in the Slovakian Guild of Nurses and Midwives. The sample consisted of 844 nurses and midwives registered by the Slovakian Guild of Nurses and Midwives. Results: Our results suggest signifi cant relation between the employment length and burnout syndrome. Nurses and midwives working from 1 to 3 years and more than 5 years had signifi cantly higher prevalence of burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The results of our study could be utilized by employers in the fi eld of prevention of burnout syndrome., Lucia Dimunová, Iveta Nagyová, and Literatura 18