V minulosti bylo možné vyšetřit prostatu pouze palpačně a biopsie byla prováděna naslepo. Současná diagnostika karcinomu prostaty je založená na vyšetření prostaty per rectum a hodnocení hladiny prostatického specifického antigenu v séru. Byly vyvinuty postupy sonograficky cílené biopsie. Metody mají mnoho nedokonalostí i v případě, že se používají společně. Nízká senzitivita často vede k opakování biopsie. Jedinou možností jak překonat tuto nepříznivou situaci je objevování jiných metod detekce karcinomu prostaty., Historically, the prostate was evaluated for cancer by simple digital rectal examination, and biopsy to obtain a tissue diagnosis of cancor was performed blindly. Current dignosis of prostate cancer is based on digital rectal examination and testing of prostate specific antigen level in serum. Biopsy techniques were developed to incorporate ultrasound guidance. Methods have several shortcomings even if used in combination. Low sensitivity often leads to repeat biopsy. The only possibility how to overcome this unfavourable situation is to discover different methods of prostate cancer detection., Ondřej Kaplan, Kamil Belej, Oto Kőhler, and Lit.: 16
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to sphincterpreserving operation in lowerampullar cancer of rectum. The Materials and methods: In coloproctological branch of National Oncological Scientific centre (NOSC) in 20052009 years 142 patients were performed radical operations, 64 (45,1%) patients were performed sphincterpreserving operations abdominoanal resection of rectum (AARR), medium age of patients 59,8 years, beside 78 (54,9%) patients were performed abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (APER), medium age 54,2 years. The Results: Studied results of the morphological research of removed preparation by histological structure of tumors and by form of the growing, depending on locations of the tumors on toothed line. The remote postoperative results studied beside 51 (79,7%) patient with AARR and beside 63 (80,1%) patients with APER. The Findings: sphincterpreserving operations (SPO) of the rectum can be the operation of the choice in treatment of high differentiated adenocarcinoma (HDA) and medium differentiated adenocarcinoma (MDA) in stages T23 in localization of the lower pole of tumors, not below 1 centimeter of toothed line (TL) and carries combined character, in location of the lower edge of tumors on toothed line in patients with HDA MDA in 4% and 2,2% cases are shown that completing intrasphincternal resections of rectum, in connection with particular aggressiveness LDA question about choice of the method of the treatment under their localizations directly on TL must be solved in favour of complete APER, in exophytic tumor located onto and above TL is indication for sphincterpreserving operation in type of AARR, indices recurrencefree and not metastatic period, oneyear deathrate, threeyear survivability after SPO at inferior ampular cancer of rectum has not an essential distinction from results after APER., A. M. Hakimov, H. B. Bobokulov, and Literatura
The Material of the study has formed 78 sick, found on stationary treatment in Republican Scientific Centre Coloproktologii since 1992 on 2010. As it is seen, from table, from 78 sick mans was 58(74,3%), womans 20(25,7%). 19(24,3), sick were at age from 15 before 20 years, 49(60,2%) at age from 21 before 40 years and 13 (16,6%) sick from 41 before 60 years. The Main complaint sick at arrival were a stubborn constipations, which noted beside 70 (89,7%) sick, including absence of the independent chair existed beside 55(70,5%), but beside 54(69,2%) sick were noted periodic stomachache, growing on measure of the absence of the chair. The Ballooned belly existed beside all 78 (100%) sick moreover beside 20(25,6%) of them flatulence was constant. The Sickness and retching existed beside 24(30,7%), weakness, reduction to capacity to work beside 52(66,6%), increasing of the temperature of the body beside 10(12,8%), paradoxical diarrhoeas beside 6(7,6%) sick. Endoskopicheskiy method (rectoromonoscopy, colonoscopy) turned out to be else less informations 51,8% coincidences of the diagnosis. So we biopsy on Svensonu executed beside all sick, entered with suspicion on disease Girshprunga. In our observations from 78 sick beside 42(53,8,1%) were aboveanalni, beside 20(25,6%) sick rectalis, beside 13(16,6%)rectosigmoideys , beside 2(2,5%) leftside and beside 1(1,2%) sick subtotalis form hipoganglios. At biopsies on Svensonu on observations, from 78 sick, beside 44(56,4%) is revealled hipoganglios, but beside 35(44,8%) аganglios rectum. As can be seen from presented tables, from 78 sick beside 68(87,2%) us is executed onemoments radical operation, 10(12,8%) sick is as far as possible made resection hipoor aganglionarnaya of the zone, decompensate part of the large intestine and is formed colostomy. In all events at operations. The Remote results executed radical operation on cause disease Girshprunga traced from 1 before 10 years beside 57(73%) sick. The Results of the surgical treatment were valued on scale Vezika: good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. In our observations beside 46(80,7%) sick results came in well, beside 10(17,5%) satisfactory and beside 1(1,8%) sick was an unsatisfactory result., Mirzahmedov M. M., Ahmedov M. A., Sapaev D. A., and Literatura
Aim of investigation: to study immediate and remote results of standard and extended lymphodissection in patients with rectal cancer. Material and methods: 132 patients with rectal cancer were performed radical surgery with lymphodissection in D2 and D3 volume according to a height of tumor location. In immediate postoperated period there were noted complications in 4 patients that made up 3,03%. Observation time was 5 years. Tumor recurrence was reported in 5 patients (3,8%). In remote period metastases were revealed in 8 patients (6,6%). 5year total survival rate was 78,5±4,2% at stage II. 5year total survival rate was 56,4±3,7% at stage III. Comparing the results of standard and extended lymphodissection it was noted statistically authentic increase of 5 year survival rate in patients at stage III. Obtained data allow to come to the conclusion about reasonability of performance of different variants of lymphodissection for patients with rectal cancer at stages II and III., Navruzov S. N., Abdujapparov S. B., Akbarov E. T., Navruzov B. S., Islamov H. D., and Literatura
Bisfosfonáty jsou součástí komplexní léčebné strategie u všech onkologických diagnóz, které způsobují nádorovou kostní chorobu. Bisfosfonáty se používají od 80. let minulého století a neustále mají pro pacienty velký přínos. Ve studii, která je zde prezentována se hodnotí přínos první generace bisfosfonátů tj. klodronátu, nejen z hlediska jeho účinku na kostní příhody, ale hodnotí se zde i výsledky dlouhodobého přežití pacientů. Data ve zmiňované studii ukazují, že u skupiny pacientů užívajících klodronát bylo prodloužení přežití prokázáno., Bisphosphonates are part of comprehensive therapeutic strategy in all oncological diagnoses resulting in tumorous bone disease. Bisphosphonates have been used since the 1980s and are still very beneficial for the patients. The present study evaluated the benefit of first-generation bisphosphonates, i. e. clodronate, not only in terms of its effect on bone events, but also with respect to the results of long-term survival of patients. The data from the study confirm that survival was extended in the group of patients using clodronate., Petr Beneš, and Lit.: 9