Studie shrnuje, porovnává a kriticky zhodnocuje koncepty, modely a teorie zabývající se vtahováním dětí do rodičovských konfliktů. Zabývá se modely, které vzešly z praxe systemických terapeutů, jako např. triangulace, perverzní koalice nebo aliance. Dále se věnuje konceptům, které vznikly v rámci studia rozvodových konfliktů jako je syndrom zavrženého rodiče a odcizený rodič. Cílem této studie je představit komplexní, jasný a ucelený popis, který by charakterizoval principy vtahování dětí do konfliktů jak v úplných, tak rozvedených rodinách., The review summarizes, compares, and critically evaluates theoretical constructs, which deal with the inclusion of children into the interparental conflict. The authors review constructs based on the work of systemic therapist, such as triangulation, alliance, perverse coalition, and alliance, and psychosomatization. Either, they review theories based on studies of divorced families, such as parental alienation syndrome, and parental alienation. The goal of this study is to introduce enough complex, clear, and comprehensive description, which embrace the principles of inclusion of children into interparental conflicts, both in non-divorced and divorced families., Olga Trampotová, Lenka Lacinová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article outlines the book culture of the Rudolphine period on the examples of several works by Tycho Brahe (Instruments of the Renewed Astronomy), Johannes Kepler (Somnium: The Dream, or Posthumous Work on Lunar Astronomy; Conversation with the Starry Messenger) and Galileo Galilei (The Starry Messenger). It is based on both research outcomes that have already been published and those that are being prepared for printing. and Alena Hadravová.
Studie Klause Dögeho obsahuje analytické poznámky ke kompozici hudebního skladatele Bohuslava Martinů, věnovanému památce vyhlazení Lidic., In his Memorial to Lidice (composed in the summer of 1943) Martinů pays tribute to the complete extinction of the Czech village Lidice and its inhabitants by the Nazis. In the composition he uses – as he has never done before in this way – many traditional idioms and quotation-like elements in order to express all the sadness, fright and pain of his subject., Klaus Döge., Rubrika: Studie, and Německé resumé na s. 18, anglický abstrakt 5.
a1_Cíl. Autoři v článku shrnují nejrozšířenější postupy testování neuropsychologického konstruktu figurální fluence a představují základní východiska pro tvorbu Olomouckého testu figurální fluence. Soubor a design studie. Celkem bylo Olomouckým testem figurální fluence vyšetřeno 215 osob. U osob starších 60 let byl proveden screening syndromu demence metodami ACECZ a MMSE. Studie zahrnula tři soubory: 146 dobrovolníků neklinické populace bez známek kognitivního deficitu, 39 osob s rizikem kognitivního deficitu (pozitivní screening syndromu demence prostřednictvím MMSE a ACE-CZ) a 30 pacientů s prokázaným syndromem demence. Tyto soubory byly porovnány s ohledem na základní parametry Olomouckého testu figurální fluence., a2_Statistická analýza a výsledky. Chronologický věk u neklinické populace koreluje statisticky signifikantně negativně s celkovým výkonem v testu a s počtem perseverací, a statisticky významně pozitivně s počtem let vzdělávání. Mezi výkonem žen a mužů nebyl zjištěn statisticky významný rozdíl. Index celkového výkonu statisticky významně odlišuje výkon neklinické populace od populace rizikové a klinické. U osob starších 60 let existuje statisticky významná pozitivní korelace mezi celkovým výkonem v testu a screeningovými testy na syndrom demence. Dílčí proměnné autoři diskutují s ohledem na potřeby klinické praxe. Limity studie. Mezi limity studie patří nenáhodný výběr motivované populace dobrovolníků a nevyrovnané zastoupení osob ve věkovém rozpětí 31–50 let vzhledem k počtu osob v dalších věkových skupinách., b1_Objectives. The authors try to summarize the most influential possibilities for testing the neuropsychological construct of figural fluency. Sample and setting. 215 persons were assessed by Olomouc test of figural fluency. Persons older than 60 years were screened for syndrome of dementia by methods ACE-CZ and MMSE. In the study, three samples were used: 146 volunteers of nonclinical population without evidence of cognitive deficit, 39 of those at risk of cognitive deficit (positive screening for sy. dementia through the MMSE and ACE-CZ) and 30 patients with proven sy. dementia. These samples were compared with respect to the basic parameters of the Olomouc figural fluency test., b2_Statistical analysis and results. It was found that chronological age in non-clinical population is statistically significantly negatively correlated with the overall performance of the test and the number of perseveration, and significantly positively with the number of years of education. Performance of women and men is not statistically different. Index of overall performance statistically significantly differentiates performance of non-clinical population and both clinical populations. Among persons aged over 60 years statistically significant positive correlation of overall performance in the test and screening tests for dementia syndrome was found. Partial variables are discussed syndrome the needs of clinical practice. Study limitations. Among limits of the study non-randomized selection of research population and unequal distribution of participants in the age range 31-50 years due to the number of persons in other age groups can be mentioned., Martin Lečbych., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
a1_Ciele. Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať vzťah medzi percipovaným stresom a životnou zmysluplnosťou na súboroch mladších a starších dospelých a analyzovať možný moderačný efekt osobnostných čŕt v tomto vzťahu. Výskumný súbor. Výskumný súbor zahŕňal dva podsúbory: 303 mladých dospelých s vekovým priemerom 21,56 roka, kde bolo zastúpených 47 % mužov, a 190 starších dospelých s vekovým priemerom 63,91 roka so zastúpením 27 % mužov. Metódy. Na meranie percipovaného stresu bola použitá Škála percipovaného stresu (Cohen et al., 1983). Životná zmysluplnosť bola meraná Škálou životnej zmysluplnosti (Halama, 2002a, 2008) a päť veľkých osobnostných čŕt dotazníkom NEO-FFI, ktorého pôvodní autori sú Costa a McCrae (1992) a autormi slovenskej verzie Ruisel a Halama (2007). Štatistická analýza. Použitá štatistika zahŕňala t-testy pre dva nezávislé súbory na porovnanie rozdielov, Pearsonove korelačné koeficienty na identifikovanie vzťahov medzi premennými a viacnásobnú hierarchickú regresnú analýzu pre identifikáciu moderačného efektu., a2_ Výsledky. Porovnanie podsúborov ukázalo, že starší dospelí skórujú vyššie v prívetivosti aj v svedomitosti a nižšie v percipovanom strese, extraverzii a otvorenosti. Korelačná analýza ukázala v oboch podskupinách stredne vysoké korelácie medzi zmysluplnosťou a percipovaným stresom. Čo sa týka piatich osobnostných faktorov, zmysluplnosť v oboch podskupinách korelovala stredne vysoko s neurotizmom, extraverziou a svedomitosťou. Moderačná analýza u mladých dospelých odhalila ako moderátory vzťahu medzi percipovaným stresom a zmysluplnosťou črty extraverzia a prívetivosť. U starších dospelých to bol neurotizmus. Obmedzenia výskumu. Obmedzenia výskumu sú nelongitudinálny dizajn a dominancia žien v podsúbore starších dospelých., b1_Objectives. The goal of the study was to analyse the relationship between perceived stress and life meaningfulness in two samples: young adults and the elderly, and to analyse moderation role of the personality traits in this relationship. Sample and setting. The research sample included two subsamples: 303 young adults with mean age 21,56 years and 47% of males, and the 190 elderly with mean age 63,91 years and 27% of males. Methods. To measure perceived stress, Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983) was used. Level of meaning in life was measured by Life Meaningfulness Scale (Halama, 2002a, 2008) and big five personality traits by NEO Five Factor Inventory originally authored by Costa and McCrae (1992) and Slovak version by Ruisel and Halama (2007). Statistical analysis. The statistics used in the study included t-tests for comparisons score across two samples, Pearson correlations for identification of the relationships between measured variables and multiple hierarchical regression analysis for moderation analysis., b2_Results. The comparison analysis showed that the elderly scored higher in agreeableness and conscientiousness, and lower in perceived stress, extraversion and openness. Correlational analysis shows medium correlation between meaningfulness in life and perceived stress in both subsamples. Concerning the big five traits, meaningfulness correlated in both subsamples modestly with neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. Moderation analysis in young adults revealed that extraversion and agreeableness acted as moderators of the relationship between stress and meaningfulness. In the subsample of the elderly, neuroticism was identified as moderator. Study limitation. The limitations of the study are its non-longitudinal design and the predominance of females in the sample of the elderly., Peter Halama, Katarína Kettner, Lenka Lesayová., and obsahuje seznam literatury
Objectives. The main goal of the study was to analyse in detail specific family indicators and their relation to selected indicator of life satisfaction in a representative sample of Czech children. Sample and setting. A total number of 4 351 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years out of 88 randomly selected schools in Czech Republic formed the study population. The data was acquired in the framework of the WHO study “The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: A WHO Cross National Study” (HBSC) in June 2010 by means of standardized questionnaires. Research questions. Is formal structure of family or the quality of communication more important for children's life satisfaction? Statistical analysis. Statistical analysis included descriptive analyses, the x2 test of independence in contingency tables, Fisher’s exact test, two samples T-test, one and two way analysis of variance using the NCSS 2007 program. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of family on life satisfaction of children and prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated as measure of association. Results. Life satisfaction was high for majority of children, it reached two thirds of possible maximum at both of the followed scales (Cantril index, Huebner scale) for the whole sample. Life satisfaction was significantly associated (p<0,001) with age, gender, formal structure of family and quality of communication in family. Children from complete families with easy or very easy communication with both parents had the highest values at both of the followed life satisfaction scales. Study limitations. Limitations of the study result from the cross-sectional design and data based on self-reports. Both life satisfaction and family were analysed on the basis of selected question categories., L. Hodačová, E. Čermáková, J. Šmejkalová, E. Hlaváčková, M. Kalman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury