The Tovačov lawbook is one of the most important sources of the Moravian provincial law in the 15th and 16th century. It has never been printed but it was spread only by numerous manuscripts. This lawbook was published in two editions in 1858 and 1868. Legal historian F. Čáda made an analysis of manuscripts in the end of 1960s. A newly discovered manuscript (Moravian Land Archive Brno) belongs to the oldest manuscripts layer. It is a part of convolute together with prints of Moravian Provincial Code of 1516 and Bohemian Vladislaus Provincial Code of 1500. New manuscript belongs to the Olomouc group of manuscripts of Tovačov lawbook and it is analysed in the context of other known manuscripts.
Příspěvek se zabývá komplexní analýzou souboru štípané industrie z několikaletého záchranného výzkumu v poloze Podolí – Příčný, pocházejícího z hrobů i sídlištních objektů. Zahrnuje dosud nejpočetnější kolekci štípané industrie z funerálního kontextu únětické kultury na Moravě s detailní terénní dokumentací. Významné jsou vzhledem k poloze pohřebiště v blízkosti surovinového zdroje informace o používané surovině, a dále zmapování výskytu technologických a morfologických jevů, které známe ze štípané industrie ze soudobých sídlišť. Nezanedbatelnou roli v analýze štípané industrie z funerálního kontextu hraje i funkční a traseologická analýza provázaná s výsledky analýzy antropologického materiálu. Výsledky naznačují genderové rozdíly v používání kamenné štípané industrie resp. jejího ukládání do mužských a ženských hrobů. Profiluje se zde také relativně úzká část populace únětické kultury s intenzivnějším vztahem k tradici kamenné industrie a jejím potencionálně symbolickým morfotypům. and The article is dedicated to complex analysis of chipped stone industry assemblage collected during several years of rescue excavation in site Podolí – Příčný near Brno both from settlement features and graves. Podolí – Příčný assemblage represents until now the most voluminous collection of chipped stone industry of Únětice culture in Moravia from funeral context, and with detailed field documentation. Regarding the location of site close to raw material outcrop the information of used raw material, typological and technological characteristics mapping, and its comparison with other contemporary collections is important. Functional and use-wear analysis are interconnected with anthropological analysis data. Our results indicate possible gender and age differences in chipped stone industry using or depositing in graves. Some relatively small proportion of Únětice culture population with deeper relation to chipped stone industry tradition and its potentially symbolic morphotypes seems to appear.
Nové výzkumy v Krumlovském lese postupně zaplňují hiáty mezi hlavními etapami zdejší těžby suroviny pro štípanou industrii. Objevují se i data z doby kultury badenské, jevišovické a nejnověji i nálevkovitých pohárů. Střední část mocné a rozsáhlé haldy na svahu ve východní části II. revíru patří do sklonku mezolitu, ale její západní část se vršila od doby kultury nálevkovitých pohárů do období kultury badenské. Sediment tvořily hlíny s různým podílem písku a granodioritového detritu, obohacené průsakem železa. Intaktního dna bylo dosaženo v hloubce 380 cm. Do doby kultury nálevkovitých pohárů (KNP) byl datován parohový kopáč z hloubky 260 cm a klasifikována byla industrie z jeho okolí a podloží. Další datum z doby KNP jsme získali z parohového rypadla, které leželo spolu s dalším parohem v písčitém sedimentu v hloubce 340 cm v sondě na okraji temene. O 60 cm níže se objevila těžená sloj, spadající do dále nesledované šachty. Štípaná industrie je technologicky málo reprezentativní, ale prokazuje, že na místě docházelo jen k testování a prvotní úpravě vytěžených kusů rohovce, přičemž všechna zdařilejší upravená jádra byla odnášena k další redukci jinam. Tím tato činnost navazuje na předchozí mladolengyelskou extrakci. Oproti tomuto období však těžba ustupuje a rozmáhá se opět až v kultuře zvoncovitých pohárů, odkdy však téměř všechna vytěžená surovina zůstává na místě, kde se i zpracovává, aniž by byla známa distribuce výrobků. and New excavations in Krumlov Forest (the “Krumlovský les”) are gradually filling in the gaps between the main phases of local mining of raw material for chipped industry. Data is being discovered from the Baden, Jevišovice and, most recently, the Funnel Beaker cultures. The middle part of a thick and large pile on the slope in the eastern part of the second district belongs to the end of the Mesolithic, while its western part was formed from the period of the Funnel Beaker culture up to the period of the Baden culture. Sediment was composed of loam with a varied share of sand and granodiorite detritus. The intact bottom of the pile was identified at a depth of 380 cm. An antler pick from a depth of 260 cm was dated to the Funnel Beaker culture and industry from its surrounding area and layer was classified. Another Funnel Beaker culture date was obtained from an antler digging tool found in sandy sediment at a depth of 340 cm at the edge of the plateau above the slope. The mined seam was found 60 cm deeper, and this seam was connected to an adit whose course was not traced further. Although the chipped industry is not highly representative from a technological perspective, it nevertheless demonstrates that only testing and initial working of the extracted pieces of chert were performed at the site, and all of the more successfully prepared cores were taken away for further reduction elsewhere. This activity is related in this regard to the preceding Late Lengyel extraction. However, extraction declined after that earlier period and did not increase again until the Bell Beaker culture, at which point nearly all of the extracted raw material remained and was worked at the site; no product distribution is known.
The authors deal with the development of the settlement of the Malá Haná region on the border of historical Moravia during the Late Roman Period (stages C3–D1) and during the Migration Period. After the intense settling of settlements by the Suebi with the Roman-provincial, Przeworsk culture and Chernyakhov culture contacts, which culminate in stage D1, there are strong ties to South Moravia and the Central Danube region at Malá Haná in stages D2 and D3, or alternatively to the Danube-East Germanic cultural group from the 5th century (finds of fibulas, buckles, ironwork in the style of Untersiebenbrunn, probably a Hun sax, skeletal grave from Knínice). Through Malá Haná we can assume the movement of the Lombards on their way from Bohemia to South Moravia, as evidenced by the unique finds of parts of the belt garnitures from Jevíčko and probably also by unique finds of swords (spathae) from two other sites.
This paper discusses the pottery finds from the 2003–2005 excavation of the settlement at Pellendorf/Gaweinstal in the central eastern area of the Weinviertel district in Lower Austria. The early medieval settlement was occupied from the 7th to the 10th centuries. The pottery finds from the 9th/10th century are characterised by shapes typical of the Mikulčice and Blučina pottery groups and of the March pottery in southern Moravia, and thus revealing intensive contact to the Great Moravian centres on the River March in that period. The paper also mentions further sites with the same pottery in northern Lower Austria, which, taken as a whole, indicate that in the 9th century the area was culturally, economically, and thus presumably also politically, closely connected to the Moravian Empire. and Výzkum sídlištní lokality Pellendorf/Gaweinstal ležící ve středu východní části oblasti Weinviertel (Dolní Rakousko) poskytl v letech 2003–2005 keramický materiál, který je diskutován v předložené studii. Sídliště bylo využíváno od 7. do 10. století. Keramika z přelomu 9. a 10. stol. se vyznačuje tvary a výzdobou, jež jsou typické pro soudobá velkomoravská centra na řece Moravě. Pozornost je věnována také dalším lokalitám v severní části Dolního Rakouska, z nichž pocházejí keramické nálezy obdobného charakteru. V celkovém pohledu tento nálezový inventář svědčí o úzkém kulturním, ekonomickém, a patrně i politickém propojení příslušných oblastí Dolního Rakouska s Velkou Moravou v 9. století.
The Middle to Upper Paleolithic (MP/Up) transitional period and the question of a replacement of Neanderthals by Anatomically Modern Humans is a crucial question in current Archaeology and ANthropology. However, without the discovery and excavation of new Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) sites, no progress in the issue of the MP/UP transitional period in the Middle Danube Region would be possible. The systematic and repeated surface surveys on the site of Tvarožná-Za školou (Fig. 2) resulted in an important Bohunician artifact assemblage. Among the important features of thsi assemblage is an equal ratio of Stránska skála type adn Krumlovský les type cherts, which are supplemented by non-specified Moravian Jurassic cherts, Cretaceous spongolite cherts, radiolarite, and erratic flint. The industry is characterized by the absence of bifacial reduciton and the application of Levalloisian technology on all recognized types of raw material. Because the test pits excavated during 2006-2008 yielded arfifact within intact sediments, a larger and more complex excavation was realized during summer 2008 and a continuation is planned for 2010. The straifiied collection from Tvarožhná will contribute to the knowledge about the EUP in MOravia by clarifying the chronology and homogeneity/heterogenity of Bohunician collections (cf. hypothesis in Tostevin, Škrdla 2006). Another important issue is the cmoparison of the surface and excavated collection from the same site. While the surface collection was already published (Škrdla 2007), this arcitcle presents field results and preliminary interpretations from the 2008 season., Petr Škrdla ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The presented article examines the early medieval settlement in Brno- -Medlánky. The archaeological finds were evaluated to obtain settlement spatial development and to reveal the practical, social and natural dimension of the settlement after the synthesis of the evidence. The relevance of the site in relation to early medieval Brno was also considered. The large quantity of ceramics, which was essential for this research, was processed using the database of J. Macháček. This enabled me to date the settlement between the 6th/7th to the 9th/10th century and, based on quantification, to characterise the morphological and technological features of the complex. The archaeological material was also compared with the material from other similar sites. The results of this analysis were acquired from data in the graphs, figures and quantification tables. The other findings were processed using descriptive models. Scientific analyses have proven the presence of blacksmithing and iron metallurgy at the site. Agricultural activities and processing of leather and textile were also documented at the site. The typical cumulative structure was evaluated within the framework of spatial analyses, together with the form and spatial development of the settlement. Moreover, the article deals with the complete skeletons of two dogs and one horse, and the human skeleton found in a storage pit. The complete animal skeletons were probably deposited for hygienic reasons; the human skeleton possibly proves an execution.
The present study evaluates the medieval component of a rescue excavation carried out in the outer bailey of Tepenec Castle in 1971–1975. The castle, built during the 1330s–40s, ceased to exist due to war events in the early 15th century. A trench intersected the whole area of the fortified complex transversely from the northwest to the southeast (855 sqm). Two remnants of buildings dated to the High Middle Ages were partially examined. An assemblage of pottery and metal finds makes it possible to date both structures – mainly to the second half of the 14th and the early 15th centuries. The built-up area of the outer bailey cannot be considered a lower castle town but rather the so-called “latrán”.
In the first third of 19th century the romantic movement inspired interest in folklore. Folk art was collected, published and reworked by professional artists, especially as concerned epic folklore genres. Authentic legends, published in Vienna by Alois
Mednyanský, include a romantic novella in a remarkable way utilising a folklore theme from two different European cultures. The study traces and analyses the folklore theme used for the story and tries to reconstruct the path through which the theme from the remote Scotland reached Mednyanský. The novella intentionally
creates an impression to be a historic legend set in the times of
Hussite wars, being interlaced with strongly pro-Catholic criticism of the period happenings. The story adopts the character of the Bohemian sorcerer called Žito 74 and uses elements of Moravian life and institutions. A Moravian patrician in the role of a romantic
pilgrim sets off for a dangerous journey with a tragic end. The description of Scottish life documents profound knowledge and understanding of Scottish legends and local names by the author. In addition it documents period fascination with Scottish history. Past of the novella analyses the ritual of taghairm nan caht - its variants and functions in the traditional Gaelic culture - its description is the literary apogee of the novella and was probably taken over from the London paper The Literary Gazette.