Dosavadní rozšíření výrazného typu bronzové spony středolaténské konstrukce se zdobeným štítkovým lučíkem se omezuje pouze na středoevropský prostor s jednoznačným těžištěm výskytu v Čechách a na Moravě. Tato skutečnost opravňuje jejich J. Wernerem navržené označení jako „bójské“ spony. Spony získané z oppidálního prostředí ukazují na jejich rámcové datování do rozmezí stupňů LT C2-D1. and The existing distribution of a distinct type of bronze fibula of the Middle La Tène construction with a decorated plate bow is restricted to Central Europe, with a pronounced concentration of finds in Bohemia and Moravia. This fact justifies their designation as “Boiian” fibulae, as proposed by J. Werner. The fibulae acquired from oppida indicate a general dating in the phases LT C2-D1.
The large compendium titled Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild contains two volumes devoted to Bohemia (1894 and 1896) and one volume devoted to Moravia and Silesia (1897). Chapters on folk culture are accompanied by a plethora of pictures, a significant number of which depict rural residents wearing traditional dress. However, the informative value of illustrations depicting folk costumes from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia as a source for ethnological research is limited. The unbalanced selection of examples from individual regions is problematic. Understandably, a great emphasis was placed on the German ethnic group, but even ethnographic regions inhabited by Czech population are not represented proportionally to the preservation of traditional culture, so the resulting visual perception does not even correspond to the reality in the late nineteenth century. Czech painters were addressed to illustrate two volumes about Bohemia, but the Moravia and Silesia volume was illustrated almost exclusively by artists with ties to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, where they studied or taught, and to the imperial court. However, not only Viennese, but even all Czech painters had no direct experience with the folk culture in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. They worked according to supplied photographs, the availability of which eventually influenced the choice of illustrations. The successful level of both the drawing and painting templates and their xylographic treatments posed a positive aspect. And what is essential - the comparison with the traced model photographs confirms their basically faithful interpretation. Even so, the ethnologist cannot underestimate the critical insight into the documentary value of the illustrations accompanying the admirably monumental work Die österreichisch-ungarische Monarchie in Wort und Bild, named Kronprinzenwerk after its initiator and partly co-author, Crown Prince Rudolf.
Cílem článku je upozornit na nejistoty provázející výzkum paleolitu v Čechách, a zejména publikace z posledních let. Pro kulturní i absolutní zařazení velkých souborů předmětů, získaných výzkumy prakticky pod ornicí, scházejí nesporné morfologické, stratigrafické a jiné přírodovědné argumenty. Data vzešlá z těchto výzkumů autor porovnává s výsledky z precizně zkoumaných evropských lokalit. Současně shrnuje aktuální stav bádání o starém paleolitu v Evropě a do jeho kontextu řadí nejstarší doklady přítomnosti člověka z Čech a Moravy. and The aim of the article is to point out the uncertainty accompanying studies of the Palaeolithic period in Bohemia, particularly in recent publications. Indisputable morphological, stratigraphic and other natural science arguments are lacking for cultural and absolute classification of larger assemblages of finds obtained by terrain excavation. The author of the article compares the data resulting from these excavations with meticulously investigated European sites. At the same time, the author also summarises the current state of research into Early Palaeolithic Europe and classifies the oldest evidence of man in Bohemia and Moravia into its context.
The topic of this article is the engagement of Lipolt Krajíř of Kraig († 1433) in the Hussite wars. Krajíř was among the innumerable members of Sigismund of Luxembourg’s retinue who actively fought the Hussites in three central European lands. Lipolt’s importance within the Catholic party is especially proven by the fact that he was transferred—by Sigismund of Luxembourg and then by the Austrian Duke and Moravian Margrave Albert II of Habsburg—to places which were long threatened by the Hussites (České Budějovice) or actually under attack by them (Moravia, Austria).