This study reports the results of archaeometallurgical investigations performed on a complete two-part bronze casting mould discovered in the village of Elgiszewo (north Poland). The mould was part of the so-called Lusatian founder’s hoard deposited on the southern borders of the Chełmno group territory between 900 and 700 BC. The investigations involved the employment of spectral (ED XRF, SEM-EDS, X-ray) and microscopic (SEM-EDS, OM) analyses. The experimental casting of the model mould and socketed axe was carried out in this study as well. The chemical composition of the mould indicates the use of fire-refined (oxidized) fahlore scrap bronze, which could originally be composed of North Tyrolean copper fahlores. The metallographic results furthermore indicate deliberate tin abandonment by the Lusatian metalworker to maintain a thermal resistance of the mould during direct metal casting. Having analysed the results of the performed research, we can state that the mould from Elgiszewo was capable of ensuring direct casting and was in fact used by the Lusatian metalworkers for this purpose before the mould was finally deposited. and Studie prezentuje výsledky archeometalurgického výzkumu kompletní dvoudílné bronzové licí formy nalezené v obci Elgiszewo (Kujavsko-pomořské vojvodství). Forma pochází z depotu zlomků, který byl uložen na jižních hranicích územní skupiny Chełmno mezi lety 900 a 700 př. n. l. Průzkum formy zahrnul spektrální (ED XRF, SEM-EDS, rtg.) a mikroskopické (SEM-EDS, OM) analýzy. V rámci studie bylo provedeno i experimentální odlití modelů formy a tulejkovité sekerky. Chemické složení formy nasvědčuje užití žárově (oxidačně) rafinovaného zlomkového bronzu získaného hutněním sulfidických měděných rud (řady tetraedrit- tennantit), jejichž původ lze hledat nejspíše v severním Tyrolsku. Metalografické výsledky ukazují i na skutečnost, že kovolitci lužické kultury záměrně pominuli příměs cínu z důvodu zachování tepelné odolnosti formy pro přímé lití. Po analýze výsledků výzkumu lze konstatovat, že forma z Elgiszewa umožňovala přímé lití a že toto zařízení bylo skutečně využíváno.
Post-WWII geopolitical changes in Indochina and Central & Eastern Europe drastically altered the international relationships of Czechoslovakia. Viet-nam became one of its partners. After the 1954 defeat of the French, the first Northern Vietnamese immigrants came to Czechoslovakia. However, after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 political agreements on cultural cooperation ended, and a return migration began. Nevertheless, the reconsolidation of democracy in the successor states of Czechoslovakia did not bring to an end the long established connection, and spontaneous individual migration started. Since then thousands of persons have come, and the Czech Republic remains one of the most desirable destinations for Vietnamese migrants. This article is the result of a qualitative survey conducted among pre-1989 returnees that was carried out in Vietnam from July 2010 to February 2011. The main task of the study is to frame the migration in a broader historical and political context, and show how the consequences and organized features of pre-1989 migration have shaped the perception of Czecho-slovakia and the returnees’ relationship with it.