Competition plays an important role in the replacement of native species by alien plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate whether the competition pattern of alien Robinia pseudoacacia L. and native Quercus acutissima Carr. is affected by soil sterilization. Physiological traits, such as gas-exchange parameters and chlorophyll (Chl) content, and growth traits, such as the biomass accumulation of the two species, were examined in natural soil or in soil sterilized with benomyl. The results show that native Q. acutissima inhibits the growth of R. pseudoacacia in natural soil. When the two plants coexisted and competed under sterilization treatment, R. pseudoacacia was less inhibited by Q. acutissima and the competition of R. pseudoacacia decreased the growth of Q. acutissima in terms of biomass, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and Chl a/b. These results suggest that soil sterilization benefits the growth of R. pseudoacacia and changes the competition pattern by the changed soil biota. Soil sterilization increased the biomass of root nodules, which ultimately benefits the growth of R. pseudoacacia and root nodule bacteria may be important in the dispersal and invasion process of nitrogen-fixing alien plants such as R. pseudoacacia., H. Chen ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Explaining which circumstances, influences and phenomena enter into the gender of a text, the paper considers the conditions of its translatability. In the first part, examples of English -Czech translations of non -literary and literary texts are chosen for discussion. It is argued that even texts with a feminist potential, i.e. texts in whose themes and forms gender issues are highlighted as an apparent result of the author’s political intention or imaginative work, can lose this potential in the process of being translated into Czech. This is the case in the work of translators who are blind to gender manifestations in the text, and/or who suppress the gender of the translated text in accord with the cultural, textual, and language norms of the target (Czech) culture. In contrast with the quite frequent “gender blindness” of Czech translators, the article in its second part discusses the provocative concepts and approaches of Feminist Translation – a critical discourse and translation practice with its roots in the 1970s Québec. Though a few Czech translations are close to Feminist Translation, the main benefit of introducing it into the Czech milieu is to make the gender of a text an issue, and to work for its acknowledgement through small concrete steps., Eva Kalivodová., and Obsahuje bibliografii