This article deals with the history of the Funj Kingdom in Sudan (1504-1821). At the beginning the most important indigenous and foreign primary sources from this period are outlined. Then follows a brief description of the previous period. The main focus of the article is on political history of the Funj Kingdom which may be periodized into four main phases. The first was the era of unlimited domination of the Funj in the 16th century. The next century was marked by Funj-Abdalláb dualism. In the 18th century two important processes took place - disintegration of the kingdom and a breakdown of Funj institutions. The last phase of the kingdom´s history was the Hamaj regency (1762-1821). The fragmented Funj Kingdom was at the end of this period an easy prey for the Turko-Egyptian invasion led by Muhammad Alí´s son Ismáíl Kámil Pasha in 1820-1823., Emanuel Beška., and Obsahuje seznam literatury a poznámky
The article deals with the last years of the Mamlūk rule in North Eastern Africa. First, the article handles briefly the all-out war between the Ottoman governor in Egypt, Muhammad ʻAlī, and the Mamlūks and their withdrawal to Dongola. Then follows a description of the contemporary situation in Nubia and Dongola. The main goal of the paper is to depict the fortunes of the short-lived Mamlūki statelet in Dongola which existed during the second decade of the 19th century and ceased to exist due to the expedition of Ismā ʻīl Kāmil Pasha in 1820., Emanuel Beška., and Obsahuje seznam literatury