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17277. Vzťah medzi prežívaným stresom a zmysluplnosťou života u mladých a starších dospelých. Osobnostné črty ako moderátory

Creator:
Peter Halama, Kettner, Katarína, and Lesayová, Lenka
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Psychologie, psychologie, zmysel života, percipovaný stres, päť veľkých osobnostných čŕt, meaning in life, perceived stress, big five personality traits, 17, and 159.9
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Ciele. Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať vzťah medzi percipovaným stresom a životnou zmysluplnosťou na súboroch mladších a starších dospelých a analyzovať možný moderačný efekt osobnostných čŕt v tomto vzťahu. Výskumný súbor. Výskumný súbor zahŕňal dva podsúbory: 303 mladých dospelých s vekovým priemerom 21,56 roka, kde bolo zastúpených 47 % mužov, a 190 starších dospelých s vekovým priemerom 63,91 roka so zastúpením 27 % mužov. Metódy. Na meranie percipovaného stresu bola použitá Škála percipovaného stresu (Cohen et al., 1983). Životná zmysluplnosť bola meraná Škálou životnej zmysluplnosti (Halama, 2002a, 2008) a päť veľkých osobnostných čŕt dotazníkom NEO-FFI, ktorého pôvodní autori sú Costa a McCrae (1992) a autormi slovenskej verzie Ruisel a Halama (2007). Štatistická analýza. Použitá štatistika zahŕňala t-testy pre dva nezávislé súbory na porovnanie rozdielov, Pearsonove korelačné koeficienty na identifikovanie vzťahov medzi premennými a viacnásobnú hierarchickú regresnú analýzu pre identifikáciu moderačného efektu., a2_ Výsledky. Porovnanie podsúborov ukázalo, že starší dospelí skórujú vyššie v prívetivosti aj v svedomitosti a nižšie v percipovanom strese, extraverzii a otvorenosti. Korelačná analýza ukázala v oboch podskupinách stredne vysoké korelácie medzi zmysluplnosťou a percipovaným stresom. Čo sa týka piatich osobnostných faktorov, zmysluplnosť v oboch podskupinách korelovala stredne vysoko s neurotizmom, extraverziou a svedomitosťou. Moderačná analýza u mladých dospelých odhalila ako moderátory vzťahu medzi percipovaným stresom a zmysluplnosťou črty extraverzia a prívetivosť. U starších dospelých to bol neurotizmus. Obmedzenia výskumu. Obmedzenia výskumu sú nelongitudinálny dizajn a dominancia žien v podsúbore starších dospelých., b1_Objectives. The goal of the study was to analyse the relationship between perceived stress and life meaningfulness in two samples: young adults and the elderly, and to analyse moderation role of the personality traits in this relationship. Sample and setting. The research sample included two subsamples: 303 young adults with mean age 21,56 years and 47% of males, and the 190 elderly with mean age 63,91 years and 27% of males. Methods. To measure perceived stress, Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983) was used. Level of meaning in life was measured by Life Meaningfulness Scale (Halama, 2002a, 2008) and big five personality traits by NEO Five Factor Inventory originally authored by Costa and McCrae (1992) and Slovak version by Ruisel and Halama (2007). Statistical analysis. The statistics used in the study included t-tests for comparisons score across two samples, Pearson correlations for identification of the relationships between measured variables and multiple hierarchical regression analysis for moderation analysis., b2_Results. The comparison analysis showed that the elderly scored higher in agreeableness and conscientiousness, and lower in perceived stress, extraversion and openness. Correlational analysis shows medium correlation between meaningfulness in life and perceived stress in both subsamples. Concerning the big five traits, meaningfulness correlated in both subsamples modestly with neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. Moderation analysis in young adults revealed that extraversion and agreeableness acted as moderators of the relationship between stress and meaningfulness. In the subsample of the elderly, neuroticism was identified as moderator. Study limitation. The limitations of the study are its non-longitudinal design and the predominance of females in the sample of the elderly., Peter Halama, Katarína Kettner, Lenka Lesayová., and obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17278. Vztah mezi individuálními charakteristikami a vysokoškolským vzděláním: role osobnosti, fyzické atraktivity a sebehodnocení

Creator:
Petra Anýžová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
terciární vzdělávání, sebeúcta, tertiary education, self-esteem, physical attractiveness, personality traits, gender differences, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Focusing on a subject largely neglected in mainstream Czech social stratification research so far, this study seeks to examine to what extent tertiary educational attainment and educational mobility are affected by personal factors, such as personality traits, physical attractiveness, and self-esteem. It is based on data drawn from a large-scale representative survey carried out in the Czech Republic (Neglected Human Capital Dimensions 2015) as the second follow-up to the OECD PIAAC project. The results show that physical attractiveness plays a significant role in tertiary educational attainment, especially in the humanities and social-science disciplines. As for personality traits, Openness to Experience and Extraversion are more beneficial for humanities degrees, whereas Neuroticism significantly decreases a person’s chances of obtaining a degree in science. Conscientiousness and Self-esteem have a positive impact on upward educational mobility. The study also finds that there are some gender differences in the strength of the effect of personality factors, and that this is especially true for the trait of Agreeableness., Petra Anýžová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17279. Vztah rodiny a životní spokojenosti dětí

Creator:
Lenka Hodačová, Čermáková, Eva, Jindra Šmejkalová, Hlaváčková, Eva, and Michal Kalman
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Psychologie, psychologie, děti, rodina, psychology, children, family, Česko, životní spokojenost, life satisfaction, 17, and 159.9
Language:
Czech
Description:
Objectives. The main goal of the study was to analyse in detail specific family indicators and their relation to selected indicator of life satisfaction in a representative sample of Czech children. Sample and setting. A total number of 4 351 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years out of 88 randomly selected schools in Czech Republic formed the study population. The data was acquired in the framework of the WHO study “The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: A WHO Cross National Study” (HBSC) in June 2010 by means of standardized questionnaires. Research questions. Is formal structure of family or the quality of communication more important for children's life satisfaction? Statistical analysis. Statistical analysis included descriptive analyses, the x2 test of independence in contingency tables, Fisher’s exact test, two samples T-test, one and two way analysis of variance using the NCSS 2007 program. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of family on life satisfaction of children and prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated as measure of association. Results. Life satisfaction was high for majority of children, it reached two thirds of possible maximum at both of the followed scales (Cantril index, Huebner scale) for the whole sample. Life satisfaction was significantly associated (p<0,001) with age, gender, formal structure of family and quality of communication in family. Children from complete families with easy or very easy communication with both parents had the highest values at both of the followed life satisfaction scales. Study limitations. Limitations of the study result from the cross-sectional design and data based on self-reports. Both life satisfaction and family were analysed on the basis of selected question categories., L. Hodačová, E. Čermáková, J. Šmejkalová, E. Hlaváčková, M. Kalman., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

17280. Vztah romských dětí k České republice

Creator:
Turková, Miloslava and Beeby, Duncan
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
The subjecí of this study ís the issue of the relationship of children from Romany (as well as Czech, Slovák and other) families to the Czech Republic. This issue was investigated as part of a wider study in 1998, during the period of the first large-scale migration of Romanies out of the Czech Republic. The investigation was carried out by means of an anonymous questionnaire given to pupils in the 8th class at elemeníary schools in 46 towns in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The subjects of the enquiry were therefore children aged' 13 or 14, that is children who are theoretically capable not only of expressing the ethnic identity of their parents but also of expressing the nátuře of their relationship to the Czech Republic. The investigation received 5921 replies from children of different ethnic origins. Of these only 33 (0.56 %) explicitly declared themselves to be of Romany origin. Other respondents indirectly acknowledged their Romany roots even though they officially declared their parents to be Czech, Slovák, Hungarian, Polish, Ukrainian etc. or in some cases omitted to put down any parental nationality. Totalling the replies that gave an indication of Romany ethnic origin gave a figuře of only 76 (1.28 % of the total sample). The relationship of the sample group of 13 - 14 year old Romany (as well as Czech, Slovák and other nationality) elementary school pupils to the Czech Republic was investigated on the basis of an expression of agreement or disagreement from the respondents (the option of „don ’t know“ was also added) to three statements: (1) „Ilike Czech film and theatre“; (2) „I would like to learn about the cultures of ethnic groups living in the Czech Republic (3) „It is good to be a Citizen of the Czech Republic “. Based on an analysis of their replies it is possible to statě: (1) The group of Romany children who professed their Romany roots, consequently a group comingfrom a family background hardest hit by the transformation of society, exhibited in their opinions and attitudes a relatively high level ofpositive agreement with the first statement. (2) From 40 the standpoint of cultural self-isolation in the sample group, Romany children came out as the most dosed with the greatest proportion that doesn 7 want to learn about the culture of ethnic groups living in the Czech Republic. It is obviously important to emphasise that representatives of the majority (pupils from Czech families) were not much more forthcoming, with more than 40 % expressing no interest in learning about the cultures of other ethnic groups with whom they live in the Czech Republic. (3) The group of pupils with Romany roots, which professed a pride in being a Citiz and en of the Czech Republic, was for the most part composed ofthose who had declared their parents to be of Czech nationality, and therefore seemed to identijy nationality with citizenship. From the information gained can be derived the necessity of forming a relationship between all groups and the statě of which they are a part, whether they arrived recently or are indigenous. An atmosphere of openness and approachability between the individual cultural models is very important in this. All minorities should maintain their identity and roots. Generally a shared respectfor the values of the statě results in a unified country and creates a positive relationship to the country in which, regardless oforigin, they all live.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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