The article confronts James Coleman’s and Randall Collins’s approaches towards action theory: reviews both their similarities (based on the importance of micro-sociological perspective for understanding social macro-level) and differences (their attitude towards the assumed rational nature of human action). Coleman supports the homo oeconomicus thesis and understands actors as beings, which make rational decisions and direct their actions on the basis of costs and gains calculations. Collins, on the other hand, emphasizes the extra-rational factors of emotions and routine. By putting up these approaches against each other two ideal type constructions arise, which are particular intellectual modes yet cannot comprehend social reality in its full complexity., Jiří Šubrt., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studie Davida Kozla je věnována formě hudební koláže ve vztahu k princpipu mytologického myšlení, stejně jako jejího použití v postmoderní hudební tvorbě., The term neo-mythologism can be used as an interpretative approach to reflect the new 20th-century music paradigm, which helps to explain changes in the understanding of basic structural elements of myth and music. The study identifies certain possible correlations between mythological thinking and music by analysing the concept of collage (bricolage). The underlying theoretical concept employed is Claude Lévi-Strauss’ structural anthropology as proposed in La Pensée Sauvage (1962). Collage is viewed as a manifestation of neo-mythologism and as a narrative in the postmodern musical discourse, which is accompanied by changes in the understanding of the essence of the musical matter and compositional techniques of composers. The compositional treatment of several different layers of the musical structure within a musical collage with a view to conveying a new meaning is in principle akin to how meaning is generated in mythological thinking through the combination of various materials., David Kozel., Rubrika: Studie, and České resumé na s. 192, anglický abstrakt na s. 181.
Catastrophic or nearly-catastrophic collisions are the most important physical process affecting the evolution of asteroids following the primordial phases. After a generál review of the current ideas about collisional evolution, also in the light of laboratory impact experiments, the problems concerning
the interpretation of asteroid families as outcomes of catastrophic processes are discussed. Finally, it is shown how the present, non completely satisfactory, knowledge of collisional processes
can give important indications on the early phases of evolution of the asteroid belt.