The aim of the article is to characterise for the first time ever the role of book culture in building the confessionality of post-Hussite society and subsequent generations. For such an extensive research goal, it was necessary to choose a broad interdisciplinary approach, making it possible to place social phenomena previously assessed in isolation into the context of the day. The individual passages of the article are therefore devoted to editorial models, to the archaeology of the printed text and the basics of reading, to the history of illustration and book printing, to language and bookbinding. It has been confirmed that book culture - created by the reception of manuscript and printed products - can be understood as a faithful mirror of a religiously pluralistic society. However, where modern historiography ends with the research of confessionality, the study of book culture may begin to reveal the much more general mechanisms of the individual and social mentality in which the religious-political process took place. The mentality of the readers (burghers and partly the lesser aristocracy) for whom the copied and printed books were intended, was negatively impacted by the remnants of Hussitism and by contemporary Utraquism, which coexisted in a dualistic symbiosis with minority Catholicism. These influences, which at the time were commonly referred to as “renaissance”, bound readers to the Middle Ages. The more massive growth of their intellectual potential was made possible only by the cultural restart brought about by the change in the political situation after the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, which met with a somewhat negative response in both earlier and modern historiography. However, through the study of book culture, we are becoming convinced that the bourgeoisie began to compensate for the privileges which the monarch had deprived them of through various forms of self-education and self-presentation, by means of which it revived itself from these medieval residuals and at the same time competed with the aristocracy., Petr Voit., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Stuart Roberts [překladatel]
Příspěvek hodnotí soubor 78 renesančních kachlů pocházejících z českého prostředí, k jejichž motivům se podařilo nalézt grafické a další předlohy. Na základě jejich srovnání s kachlovou produkcí sousedních zemí a s přihlédnutím k původu autorů těchto předloh nalézá původní centrum jejich výroby v německém prostředí. Z Německa do českých zemí však nebyly – až na některé výjimky – pravděpodobně dováženy hotové kachle ani formy k jejich výrobě, spíše jen hliněné pozitivní modely, případně se tímto směrem šířily pouze motivy jako takové. Existence řady předloh kachlových reliéfů v soudobých medailích především z oblasti Krušnohoří a jmenovitě Jáchymova napovídá, že toto centrum medailérské výroby mohlo sloužit jako zprostředkující článek při pronikání renesančních vlivů do české kachlové produkce. Podobný technologický postup při výrobě medailí a kachlových forem spolu s dalšími indiciemi činí také velmi pravděpodobnou hypotézu, že se jáchymovští medailéři přímo podíleli na vzniku modelů pro zhotovování kachlových forem. Reformační prostředí tohoto města by rovněž mohlo částečně vysvětlovat početné zastoupení reformačních motivů na kachlích z českých zemí. and The essay evaluates an assemblage of 78 Renaissance stove tiles from Bohemia for whose motifs prints and other artwork models could be found. On the basis of their comparison with stove tile production in neighbouring countries and by taking into consideration the artists who created these models, the author of this study identified Germany as the original centre for the production of the tiles. However, with only a few exceptions, it is highly likely that neither the finished stove tiles nor the moulds for their production were imported from Germany to the Czech lands. Instead, positive clay models were brought here or the motifs themselves simply spread in this direction. The existence of models for stove tile reliefs in contemporary medals primarily from the Krušné Hory area and Jáchymov in particular, suggests that this centre of medal production could have served as an intermediary link in the spread of Renaissance influences to Bohemian stove tile production. A similar technological procedure common to both the production of medals and tile moulds, along with other evidence, suggest a hypothesis in which Jáchymov medal makers contributed directly to the creation of models for the preparation of tile moulds. The Reformation environment in the town could also partly explain the high frequency of Reformation motifs on stove tiles in the Czech lands.
The aim of the article is to characterise for the first time ever the role of book culture in building the confessionality of post-Hussite society and subsequent generations. For such an extensive research goal, it was necessary to choose a broad interdisciplinary approach, making it possible to place social phenomena previously assessed in isolation into the context of the day. The individual passages of the article are therefore devoted to editorial models, to the archaeology of the printed text and the basics of reading, to the history of illustration and book printing, to language and bookbinding. It has been confirmed that book culture - created by the reception of manuscript and printed products - can be understood as a faithful mirror of a religiously pluralistic society. However, where modern historiography ends with the research of confessionality, the study of book culture may begin to reveal the much more general mechanisms of the individual and social mentality in which the religious-political process took place. The mentality of the readers (burghers and partly the lesser aristocracy) for whom the copied and printed books were intended, was negatively impacted by the remnants of Hussitism and by contemporary Utraquism, which coexisted in a dualistic symbiosis with minority Catholicism. These influences, which at the time were commonly referred to as “renaissance”, bound readers to the Middle Ages. The more massive growth of their intellectual potential was made possible only by the cultural restart brought about by the change in the political situation after the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, which met with a somewhat negative response in both earlier and modern historiography. However, through the study of book culture, we are becoming convinced that the bourgeoisie began to compensate for the privileges which the monarch had deprived them of through various forms of self-education and self-presentation, by means of which it revived itself from these medieval residuals and at the same time competed with the aristocracy., Petr Voit., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Jan Pulkrábek [překladatel]