The article describes effort of Ottoman Empire to become a master of all Eastern Mediterranean in the reign of Sultan Suleiman I. (1520-1566). The main problem for Ottomans was existence of Knights of St.John of Jeruzalem, which had their base in the Island of Rhodes. In 1522 Suleiman raised the great siege of Rhodes, which was successful and Knights of St.John were defeated and had to abandoned Rhodes. Their next base became the Island of Malta. In 1565 Suleiman tried to occupate Malta, but siege was unsuccessful and Ottomans were totally defeated. Malta (1565) and Lepanto (1571) were important turning-points in the war between Christendom and Islam in the Eastern Mediterranean in 16th century., Martin Konečný., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans (Ukraine) has been recently added to UNESCO's World Heritage List. The residence represents a masterful synergy of architectural styles built by the renowned Czech architect and philanthrophist Josef Hlávka from 1864 to 1882. The property, an outstanding example of 19th century historicist architecture, also includes a seminary and monastery and is dominated by the domed, cruciform Seminary Church with a garden and park. The complex expresses architectural and cultural influences from the Byzantine period onward and embodies the powerful presence of the Orthodox Church during the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, reflecting its policy of religious tolerance. The former residence is located in the city of Chernivtsi in southwestern Ukraine and is now in use as an University. and Karel Ksandr.
Vřeckovýtrusná houba druhu Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus s anamorfou Chalara fraxinea způsobuje onemocnění známé jako nekróza jasanu na různých druzích jasanů v Evropě. Onemocnění se objevilo v Polsku na počátku 90. let po introdukci patogenu z Východní Asie. Následně se epidemie rozšířila do celého areálu přirozeného rozšíření hostitelských druhů a zasáhla i umělé výsadby a školky. Článek shrnuje historii a současný stav našeho poznání od objevu patogenu až po nejnovější poznatky., The ascomycete Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus with its anamorph Chalara fraxinea causes a disease known as ash dieback on various ash (Fraxinus) species in Europe. The disease emerged in Poland in the early 1990s after introduction of the pathogen from East Asia. The epidemic spread across the entire native distribution range of the host trees also affected artificial plantations and nurseries. This review presents the history and the state of research from the discovery of the pathogen to the most recent findings., and Ondřej Koukol, Ludmila Havrdová.