Colors of autumn. Seasonal leaf abscission is both impressing and important part of plant phenology, especially in temperate regions. Further text deals with environmental and ecological cues leading to deciduous or evergreen strategy, physiological processes governing abscission, chlorophyll degradation, and tools which human may use to modify phenology patterns as well.
This text considers the early creative output of Ignác Cornova, in particular his lesserknown odes and his war poetry. It draws on contemporary research of the latter third of the 18th century focussing on the dynamic social change of the period, the transformation of the media, the emergence of a modern ‘public’, and changing perceptions of artistic as opposed to educational output. One of the difficulties of conceptualizing this period is the existence of two opposing trends – the older ‘Baroque’ tradition and the more ‘modern’ currents of the future national movement. Our text largely obviates this dichotomy by proposing a framework in which Cornova’s oeuvre is seen as evidence of an idiosyncratic cultural situation with its own features and markers. The aim of our study is to place Cornova’s early works within the literary context of his time – a context hard to appreciate today. We are not looking for the ‘future’ Cornova in those beginnings, nor the ‘embryos’ of his later development. Rather, we hope to rehabilitate the literary context in the Czech lands in the 1770s and 1780s as it veered between late Baroque odes, war reportage, and enlightenment patriotism. Alongside Cornova we consider now forgotten figures such as Vojtěch Koťara, Michael Denis, Johann Joseph Eberle and Václav Thám. The result is not a group biography, but rather a problem analysis of one segment of a period that defies unequivocal definition.
The basic slow Idnetics and spectral properties of the chlorophyll fluorescence temperature curve (FTC) under low actinic radíation excitation (s 2 W m"2) were measured in primary barley leaves of shade-grown plants. In contrast to the usual Fo temperature dependence, two distinct regions and two maxima of FTC were documented upon a linear heating regime. The fírst maximum situated between 49.5 and 51 °C was less sensitive, whereas Ihe position of the second maximum (between 53 and 63 “C) was strongly dependent on the heating rate. The spectral resolution of the fluorescence emission suggested a presence of photosystem (PS) 1 emission in the FTC at 436 nm excitation and an efíect of partial light-harvesting complex LHCII disconnection from the PS 2 complex at 480 nm excitation. A new fluorescence emission around 700 nm appeared upon heating. The excitation spectra in the 400 nm to 500 nm region for the 685 nm fluorescence emission wavelength indicated that only one emission form was responsible for both of the FTC bands. The 77 K fluorescence spectra at increasing, maximal and decreasing parts of Ihe second FTC band were measured using the triggering expeiiments wilh an incubation temperature of 58 oC. A disconnection of LHCI firom otiier pigment-protein complexes is suggested as a concomitant effect of Ihe second FTC maximum.
Although Basel book printing had a major influence on the development of humanistic studies in the 16th century, its import into the Czech lands has not been studied so far. This study explores books printed by a famous printer Johann Froben (ca. 1460–1527), and their representation in selected Czech and Moravian libraries. Using methods of provenance research, I have identified specimens that arrived in our territory not long after their printing, paying a special attention to the titles created by people from the circle of the University of Basel. My research has shown that although Czech students rarely attended Basel University until the mid-16th century, works by Basel University scholars from Froben printing house were available in Bohemia and Moravia as early as in the second and third decade of the 16th century. Furthermore, the books printed by Froben penetrated much better into the Catholic regions of Bohemia and Moravia, more open to modern humanistic studies.