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1572. Proč se hmyz hodí pro základní výzkum chladové odolnosti živočichů?
- Creator:
- Vladimír Košťál
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, hmyz, kryobiologie, zoology, insects, cryobiology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Někteří zástupci třídy hmyzu patří k chladově nejodolnějším organismům na Zemi. Přežijí podchlazení až pod -50°C nebo kompletní zmrznutí (přeměnu tělní vody na led). Dokonce je dokážeme, jako celé komplexní organismy, téměř neomezeně dlouho skladovat v kapalném dusíku. Výzkum principiální podstaty této výjimečné schopnosti hmyzu může přinést poznatky využitelné pro praktické technologie kryokonzervace biologického materiálu., Some insects are to the most cold-tolerant organisms on Earth. They survive supercooling down to -50°C or complete freezing (transition of body water to ice). Moreover, we can store the insect organism in its whole complexity in liquid nitrogen almost indefinitely. Research on the principles behind this exceptional ability of insects can provide knowledge that will be useful for the development of practical protocols for the cryopreservation of biological material., and Vladimír Košťál.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1573. Proč se vědci obávají odtávání permafrostu
- Creator:
- Čapek, Petr and Šatrůčková, Hana
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, CryoCARB, permafrost, klimatické změny, biogeochemické cykly, mezinárodní programy a projekty, climate changes, biogeochemical cycles, international programs and projects, zmrzlá půda, odtávání, cyklus uhlíku, klimatický systém Země, Earth´s climatic system, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V tomto článku shrnujeme současné poznání o vztahu permafrostových půd ke klimatickému systému Země. Toto poznání se stále rozšiřuje o další výsledky z mezinárodních programů, na nichž se podílí také čeští vědečtí pracovníci. Zde uvádíme ty, které jsou ve vztahu k předpokládané budoucí změně klimatu zcela zásadní., The article summarizes the current knowledge about the direct relationship between permafrost soils and the Earth´s climatic system. This knowledge is progressively improving thanks to international projects, also with the participation of Czech scientists. Here we present results from these projects, which are crucial with respect to the predicted future climate change., and Petr Čapek, Hana Šantrůčková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1574. Prof. RNDr. Danuše Sofrová, CSc.: obituary
- Creator:
- Synková, Helena, Masojídek, Jiří, Komenda, Josef, Wilhelm, Jiří, Wilhelmová, Naďa, and Vácha, František
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Sofrová, Danuše, 1938-2016, biochemici, fotosyntéza, biochemists, photosynthesis, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Helena Synková, Jiří Masojídek, Josef Komenda, Jiří Wilhelm, Naďa Wilhelmová, František Vácha. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1575. Progesterone increases photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in wheat under heat stress by facilitating D1 protein phosphorylation
- Creator:
- Xue, R. L., Wang, S. Q., Xu, H. L., Zhang, P. J., Li, H., and Zhao, H. J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- general botany, antioxidant enzymes, cellular damage, high temperature, photosynthetic efficiency, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous progesterone on photochemical efficiency of PSII and turnover of D1 protein under heat stress during the grain-filling stage. Heat stress resulted in increases of hydrogen peroxide production, malondialdehyde content, and relative electrolytic leakage in wheat leaves, but these responses were alleviated by foliar application of progesterone. Meanwhile, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase were significantly improved in progesterone-pretreated leaves. Along with the alleviation of oxidative stress, higher abundances of STN8 and phosphorylated D1 protein and lower total D1 protein content in the PSII reactive center were observed in progesterone-pretreated leaves relative to controls. Consequently, progesterone raised the potential photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency, and electron transfer rate. These results indicate that foliar application of progesterone can effectively alleviate heat-induced PSII damage by enhancing antioxidant capability and regulating phosphorylation of D1 protein in wheat leaves., R. L. Xue, S. Q. Wang, H. L. Xu, P. J. Zhang, H. Li, H. J. Zhao., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1576. Program cís. král. státního vyššího gymnasia v Mladé Boleslavi
- Creator:
- C.k. gymnasium (Mladá Boleslav, Česko), Hajnovský, Norbert, and Hoffmann, František
- Publisher:
- Nákladem ústavu
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, bez média, svazek, and strany 1-28, 3-28, 3-10 neúplné
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, semenné rostliny, Spermatophyta, Mladá Boleslav (Česko), Mladá Boleslav (Czechia), 582.4, (437.312), (083.97), (083.8), 2, and 58
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- podává Norbert Hajnovský., Přívazek zahrnuje pouze I. část celého svazku: Seznam rostlin jevnosnubných v nejbližším okolí mladoboleslavském samorostlých i obecněji pěstovaných, and Přívazek k : Biologické listy: 4-5 (1915-1916)
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1577. Proměny vyšší systematiky eukaryot a její odraz ve středoškolské biologii
- Creator:
- Tomáš Macháček
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, jaderní, biologická systematika, klasifikace, studium a výuka, Eukaryota, biological systematics, classification, study and teaching, eukaryota, středoškolská biologie, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Klasifikace eukaryot měla v historii mnoho podob, které vždy odrážely soudobý stav poznání. Článek představuje hlavní etapy a milníky jejího vývoje, včetně aktuálního konceptu eukaryotických superskupin. S ohledem na význam článku jsou diskutovány možnosti jeho začlenění do výuky biologie na středních školách., Historically, there were several classification schemes of eukaryotes, always reflecting the contemporary state of knowledge. The article presents the major stages and milestones in its development, including the current concept of eukaryotic supergroups. Considering its significance, the possible implementation of this approach in secondary school biology courses is discussed., and Tomáš Macháček, Kateřina Mikešová, Libuše Turjanicová, Vladimír Hampl.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1578. Prompt chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for crop phenotyping: an example of barley landraces exposed to various abiotic stress factors
- Creator:
- Kalaji, H. M., Rastogi, A., Živčák, M., Brestic, Marián, Daszkowska-Golec, A., Sitko, K., Alsharafa, K. Y., Lotfi, R., Stypiński, P., Samborska, I. A., and Cetner, M. D.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chlorofyl, chlorophyll, fluorescence, chlorophyll a fluorescence, JIP test, photosystem II, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The study examined photosynthetic efficiency of two barley landraces (cvs. Arabi Abiad and Arabi Aswad) through a prompt fluorescence technique under influence of 14 different abiotic stress factors. The difference in the behavior of photosynthetic parameters under the same stress factor in-between cv. Arabi Abiad and cv. Arabi Aswad indicated different mechanisms of tolerance and strategies for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy for both the landraces. This study confirmed the suitability of some chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as reliable biomarkers for screening the plants at the level of photosynthetic apparatus., H. M. Kalaji, A. Rastogi, M. Živčák, M. Brestic, A. Daszkowska-Golec, K. Sitko, K. Y. Alsharafa, R. Lotfi, P. Stypiński, I. A. Samborska, M. D. Cetner., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1579. Prospects of photosynthetic research for increasing agricultural productivity, with emphasis on the tropical C4 Amaranthus and the cassava C3-C4 crops
- Creator:
- El-Sharkawy, M. A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- photosynthesis, agricultural sustainability, breeding, C3, C4, C3-C4 species, canopy, climate change, crop modeling, environmental stress, enzyme, food security, genetic engineering, grain, leaf Kranz anatomy, photorespiration, photosynthetic pathway, protein, starch, storage-root, water, yield, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Productivity of most improved major food crops showed stagnation in the past decades. As human population is projected to reach 9-10 billion by the end of the 21st century, agricultural productivity must be increased to ensure their demands. Photosynthetic capacity is the basic process underlying primary biological productivity in green plants and enhancing it might lead to increasing potential of the crop yields. Several approaches may improve the photosynthetic capacity, including integrated systems management, in order to close wide gaps between actual farmer’s and the optimum obtainable yield. Conventional and molecular genetic improvement to increase leaf net photosynthesis (P N) are viable approaches, which have been recently shown in few crops. Bioengineering the more efficient CC4 into C3 system is another ambitious approach that is currently being applied to the C3 rice crop. Two under-researched, yet old important crops native to the tropic Americas (i.e., the CC4 amaranths and the C3-CC4 intermediate cassava), have shown high potential P N, high productivity, high water use efficiency, and tolerance to heat and drought stresses. These physiological traits make them suitable for future agricultural systems, particularly in a globally warming climate. Work on crop canopy photosynthesis included that on flowering genes, which control formation and decline of the canopy photosynthetic activity, have contributed to the climate change research effort. The plant breeders need to select for higher P N to enhance the yield and crop tolerance to environmental stresses. The plant science instructors, and researchers, for various reasons, need to focus more on tropical species and to use the research, highlighted here, as an example of how to increase their yields., M. A. El-Sharkawy., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1580. Proteinová sekrece buněk savců aneb jak si buňky povídají a jak jim naslouchat
- Creator:
- Helena Skalníková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, molekulární biologie, bílkoviny, analytické metody, molecular biology, proteins, analytical methods, 2, and 577
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Komunikace mezi buňkami mnohobuněčného organismu je nezbytná k zajištění přežití organismu, správné funkce tkání a orgánů, tvorby energie, růstu a vývoje. Bílkoviny sekretované z buněk jsou hlavními molekulami, které zprostředkovávají mezibuněčnou komunikaci na malé i velké vzdálenosti. Většina sekretovaných bílkovin je z buněk uvolňována cestou přes endoplasmatické retikulum a Golgiho aparát. Vývoj nových laboratorních technik pro studium sekretovaných bílkovin umožnil v posledním desetiletí studovat a popsat sekreci mnoha typů buněk., Communication among cells in a multicellular organism is fundamental for the correct functioning of organs and tissues, energy production, growth and development, to assure survival and reproduction of the organism. Proteins secreted by cells are principal molecules for intercellular communication at both short and long distances. Most of the secreted proteins are released through the endoplasmic reticulum – the Golgi pathway. The significant development of analytical techniques for detection of secreted proteins in the last 10 years has enabled us to explore the secretion of various cell types., and Helena Kupcová Skalníková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public