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42. Pojem „common sense” u Thomase Reida
- Creator:
- Petr Glombíček
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Reid, Thomas, 1710-1796, filozofie, philosophy, common sense, judgment, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article interprets the not of "common sense" as presented in the works of Thomas Reid. The focus is not primarily on Reid's epistomology or metaphysics or even on the history of the notion or its influence. Rather, the article is strictly concerned with Reid's use of the term. The notion is considered vague by some interpreters and it is confused with the "principles of common sense". The "principles of common sense" play the role of axioms in the model of the human mind that Reid is aiming at, and thanks to that they play the role of criteria since they are the rules of our thinking. We must only distinguish them from widely-shared prejudices. The "principles of common sense" are propositions believed by every healthy adult who understands the propositions in question, considering them without any prejudice. They are integrated into the structures of different languages, they hold up against explicit criticism, and the acceptance of these propositions does not have any absurd consequences. By the term "common sense", on the other hand, Reid understands the faculty of judgment in the area of sensory experience., Petr Glombíček., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
43. Poznanie, omyl, myslenie: Friedrich Nietzsche
- Creator:
- Šterbáková, Daniela
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, knowledge, metaphysics, thought, science, truth, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Text sleduje motív prehodnotenia zmyslu poznania a myslenia na základe funkcie omylu spočívajúceho v nároku na podstatu/pravdu v poznaní. Problém podrobne interpretujem v úzkom rozmedzí dvoch Nietzscheho textov, Lidské, příliš lidské (prvá hlava„O prvních a posledních věcech“) a Radostná věda (piata kapitola „My nebojácní“). Analýza omylu ústi do prehodnotenia zmyslu poznania, ktoré následne môžeme rozlíšiť na pozitívne a negatívne. Negatívne poznanie je chápané ako základné, zmysel majúce, ale zmysel nehľadajúce poznanie, ktoré nemá poznatok ako predpokladaný cieľ, jeho zmysel spočíva v jeho činnosti. Poznanie pozitívne je konceptuálne poznanie, ktoré po nahliadnutí jeho základnej nefunkčnosti v oblasti pravdy nadobúda funkciu orientácie. Myslenie prestáva byť na produkt zameranou činnosťou vymedzeného úseku času, je súčasťou žitia a pohybovania sa vo svete. Toto sa v druhej časti prehlbuje na analýzach vedomia a poznania z Radostné vědy, ktoré zdôrazňujú význam netematizovanosti v myslení a poznaní, zvlášť obrazom vedomia ako zrkadla. Tu je poznanie chápané ako pojmová konštrukcia bázy, ktorou je individuálne zažitá, netematizovaná skúsenosť. Omylom je tu potreba premeny neznámeho na známe na základe strachu. Táto potreba poukazuje na neznáme ako na činiteľa vykazujúceho problém, ktorý je nutný pre udržanie poznania., The text traces the motif of the re-evaluation of the sense of knowing and thinking based on the function of error consisting in the claim to ground/truth in knowledge. I interpret the problem in detail in the narrow confines of Nietzsche’s two texts, Human, All Too Human (the first heading “On First and Last Things”) and the The Gay Science (fifth chapter “We the Fearless”). An analysis of error issues in the re-evaluation of the sense of knowledge which, subsequently, we can distinguish into the positive and negative. Negative knowledge is understood as basic, having sense, but not sense-seeking, which does not have knowledge as the assumed aim, but whose sense consists in its activity. Positive knowledge is conceptual knowledge which, once one perceives its basic non-functionality in the area of truth, gains the function of orientation. Thought, when it stops being focused on a product by the directed activity of a demarcated section of time, is a part of living and moving in the world. This, in the second part, is deepened in analyses of consciousness and knowledge from The Gay Science, which stress the meaning of the unthematised in thinking and knowledge, especially the picture of consciousness as a mirror. Here knowledge is understood as a conceptual construction of the ground by which the unthematised experience is individually lived. The error here is the need to transform the unknown into the known on the basis of fear. That need points to the unknown as the agent that reveals the problem which is necessary for the maintenance of knowledge., Daniela Šterbáková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
44. Prague nominalist Master John Arsen of Langenfeld and his Quaestio on ideas from around 1394/1399
- Creator:
- Dekarli, Martin and Zdeněk V. David
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Arsen, Jan, nominalismus, filozofie, nominalism, philosophy, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Martin Dekarli ; translated from the Czech by Zdeněk V. David., přeloženo z češtiny, and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
45. Případ Wagnerův a Nietzsche contra Wagner
- Creator:
- Nietzsche, Friedrich and Procházka, Arnošt
- Publisher:
- Josef Pelcl
- Format:
- print, svazek, and 82 stran.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883, Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1844-1900, 19. století, hudební skladatelé, filozofové, německá filozofie, hudba, hudba a společnost, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech and German
- Description:
- Friedrich Nietzsche ; přeložil Arnošt Procházka., Přeloženo z němčiny, and 1. přívazek k : Nesnáze individualismu : Fabian tract 69 / Sidney Webb
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
46. Problém skutečnosti u Davida Huma a jeho význam v dějinách filosofie
- Creator:
- Josef Tvrdý and Masarykova univerzita. Filozofická fakulta
- Publisher:
- Masarykova universita, Filosofická fakulta
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 90 s. ; 24 cm
- Type:
- text, volume, studie, model:monograph, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Hume, David, 1711-1776, filozofové, Velká Británie, 18. století, skutečnost, názory a postoje, dějiny filozofie, 101-051, 111.61, 316.64, 14(091), (410), (048.8), 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Josef Tvrdý
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
47. Proč by nás mohl zajímat František Suárez
- Creator:
- Josef Gabriel
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Suárez, Francisco, 1548-1617, filozofie a náboženství, metafyzika, esencialismus (filozofie), konference, philosophy and religion, metaphysics, essentialism (philosophy), conferences, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Josef Gabriel.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
48. Propozice, obrazy a fikční světy
- Creator:
- Petr Koťátko
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, narrative fiction, sentence-meaning, proposition, image, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The author focuses on the role of propositions and images in the constitution of the fictional world of a narrative literary work. He critically examines Martínez-Bonati's idea of the "alienation" of sentence-meanings in images, based on Husserl's notion of fulfillment (Erfüllung). In particular: 1. He points out that not only expressed propositions, but also other (emotional and style-determining) parameters of sentence-meanings and even failures or disturbances in expressing propositions can participate in generating acts of imagination with mimetic functions. 2. He argues that the notion of fulfillment (as applied to sentence meanings) should be extended so as to include all experiences with mimetic function: visual images should be approached as one of the variety of kinds of (literarily-productive) imaginative fulfillment. 3. He rejects the interpretation of fulfillment as alienation (or dissolution) of meanings in images: among other things, he argues that this would eliminate the communicative scheme within which the interpretation of a text of narrative fiction takes place., Petr Koťátko., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
49. Realismus a moralismus v díle Emanuela Rádla
- Creator:
- Tomáš Hejduk
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Rádl, Emanuel, 1873-1942, Patočka, Jan, 1907-1977, filozofie, realismus (filozofie), morální hodnoty, philosophy, realism (philosophy), moral values, moralismus, moralism, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- An analysis of Rádl’s Útěcha z filosofie (The Consolation of Philosophy) reveals it to be a work in which Rádl, ailing and overcome by events, resorts to mere moralising. It is my view that, even here, he maintains the full dynamic unity of wordly reality, which governs life itself, and abstract morality, which is supported by philosophical theories and systems. Despite the fact that many theses and concepts in the Consolation give the impression of a stereotypical moralising of life (“The Moral Order”), we always find in the text, alongside these themes, counterbalancing realist theses (life itself, the individual). I understand this balance between a concrete and a moral approach to human life as the principle reason for treating Rádl as closer to Socrates than to Plato (on the basis of the conception of the difference between Socrates and Plato in “Eternity and Historicity”, I take issue with Patočka’s “Platonic” interpretation of Rádl)., Tomáš Hejduk., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
50. Sätze aus der theoretischen und praktischen Philosophie: als Entwurf zur Besprechung auf dem, für den 26. September 1868 und die folgenden Tage nach Prag berufenen Philosophencongress
- Creator:
- Freiherr von Leonhardi, Hermann Karl and Philosophencongress (26. September 1868 : Prag)
- Publisher:
- Tempský
- Format:
- print and 48 s.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, Tisky (19. století), filozofie, 101, (063), 5, 12, and 094.5
- Language:
- German
- Description:
- H. K. Freiherrn von Leonardi. and KČSN
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public