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30834. Tři generace metod měření korupce v Evropě

Creator:
Bašná, Kristýna
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
korupce, kvantitativní metody, corrupt practices, quantitative research, surveys, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article focuses on methods for measuring corruption, first describing three generations of corruption indicators and then comparing them qualitatively and quantitatively. Corruption is a clandestine activity that is extremely difficult to measure; there are no official statistics on the number of corruption cases. For this reason, corruption can only be measured indirectly, by various proxies, and it is extremely hard to state whether these indicators are reliable and indeed measure the corruption phenomena in a given country. A large number of different indicators have been developed over the years that try to capture and quantify corruption. Some authors measure perceptions of corruption, others try to use “hard data” to explore the level of corruption in a country, and even others combine different measurements, weight them, and then publish composite indicators to capture the overall level of corruption in a country. This article aims to evaluate the quality of the different indicators using quantitative and qualitative methods. Possible uses and value of each individual indicator are discussed in terms of quality and practical considerations. First-generation indicators combine expert evaluations, surveys, and other data on corruption. The article focuses on the two best-known and most frequently used indicators - the Control of Corruption measurement by the World Bank and the Corruption Perception Index by Transparency International. Second-generation indicators are based on opinion surveys that ask respondents about their perceptions of and own experience with corruption. There are two types of such surveys, one focusing on the public and the other one on businesses. The second-generation indicators include surveys such as Eurobarometer, World Values Survey (WVS), European Social Survey (ESS), Global Corruption Barometer (GCB), WB BEEPS, or International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Finally, the author presents a correlation analysis of different indicators over time and across countries, indicating whether and how strongly these three generations correlate with one another. The article concludes with a discussion on whether the three generations of indicators measure the same type of corruption and whether they can be used interchangeably. As for results, it seems that there are statistically significant associations between different types of indicators; however, this significance is, in most cases, not high enough to allow for interchangeability. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to carefully select the type of indicator used for scientific research, as results and conclusions might differ significantly depending on the indicator used., Kristýna Bašná., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

30837. Tři odboje generála Kudláčka

Creator:
Pavel Kreisinger
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Kudláček, Čeněk, 1896-1967, 20. století, vojenské dějiny, generálové, social memory, military history, generals, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
Autor představuje biografii generála a vojenského diplomata Čeňka Kudláčka (1896-1967), který prošel za první světové války československými legiemi v Rusku a Francii, za druhé světové války domácím a zahraničním odbojem (v jeho rámci byl vyslán získávat podporu krajanů v Kanadě a Brazílii) a po komunistickém převratu v roce 1948 se zpravodajsky angažoval v západním exilu. Recenzent se zastavuje zvláště u jeho roční diplomatické mise v polovině třicátých let v Bolívii, kterou Československo vojensky podporovalo ve válce s Paraguayí, a oceňuje, že čtenářská atraktivita se v knize spojuje s odbornou kvalitou., The book under review is a biography of Čeněk Kudláček (1896-1967), a general and military attaché, who fought in the First World War as a member of the Czechoslovak Legions in Russia and France, was in the resistance at home and abroad during the Second World War (sent to gain the support of Czechs and Slovaks living in Canada and Brazil), and was involved in intelligence work as an exile following the Communist takeover in February 1948. The reviewer focuses on Kudláček´s year on a diplomatic mission to Bolivia in the mid-1930s, a country that Czechoslovakia supported militarily in the war against Paraguay. On the whole, he appreciates that the book is both highly readable and truly scholarly., [autor recenze] Pavel Kreisinger., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30838. Tři otázky pro ředitele ústavů AV ČR, veřejných výzkumných institucí

Creator:
Jan Dobeš, Antonín Sochor, Jan Kirschner, and Pavel Kouřil
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Akademie věd České republiky, vědecká práce, vědecké ústavy, veřejné výzkumné instituce, scientific work, research institutions, public research institutions, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
We introduce the comments of the last four directors of Academy institutes, who were asked these three questions: In which direction will they lead the development of their institutes? What are they doing to achieve excellence in science? How will they evaluate the work in accordance with the new statutes governing Public Research Institution? The rubric was very successful and we sould like to express out thanks to all the directors who were willing to provide us their responses to our questions. and Odpovědi 4 ředitelů ústavů AV ČR na otázky redakce (pokračování)
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30839. Tři otázky pro ředitele ústavů AV ČR, veřejných výzkumných institucí

Creator:
Václav Cílek, Jan Flusser, Huth, Radan, Petr Lukáš, Vlastimil Matějec, Jiří Hanika, Václav Hořejší, Stanislav Kozubek, Jaroslav Kuneš, Ludmila Křivánková, František Sehnal, Eva Zažímalová, Zdeněk Uherek, and Helena Ulbrechtová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, vědecké ústavy, research institutions, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
In the summer issue of Academic Bulletin, 53 directors of all Academy institutes were introduced. They will be in charge of their institutes during the next five years. In this issue, we have asked them three questions: In which direction they will lead the development of their institute? What are they doing to reach excellence in science? If they can lead the institutions in accordance with the new statutes called "Public Research Institutions".
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

30840. Tři otázky pro ředitele ústavů AV ČR, veřejných výzkumných institucí =: New directors

Creator:
Petr Heinzel, Svatava Raková, and Jaroslav Zachariáš
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, rozhovory, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, Akademie věd České republiky, vědecká práce, vědecké ústavy, veřejné výzkumné instituce, scientific work, research institutions, public research institutions, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
We continue in introduction the comments of three additional directors of Academy Institutes, who were asked three questions. and Odpovědi 3 ředitelů ústavů AV ČR na otázky redakce ( pokračování)
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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