1412 saw large-scale protests in Prague against crusading indulgences issued by Pope John XXIII. This study identifies and evaluates some polemical manuscript texts that can be situated within the context of this controversy. It offers a critical edition of the anti-indulgence pamphlet Vobis asmodeistis that was found in a money box at Prague Castle on 20 June 1412. The hitherto unknown polemic Motiva pro defensa prelatorum et indulgenciarum is also edited in the appendix. The statement arguing that prelates should not be criticised by their subjects and misdemeanours be dealt with mercy is followed by a Wycliffite refutation. Two manuscript texts on indulgences which were suspected to be treatises from 1412 by Andrew of Brod and Stanislav of Znojmo respectively are an excerpt from the Tractatus fidei by Benoît d’Alignan, with the second paragraph coming from Stanislav’s later work. In sum, the sources examined in this article show the various ways of how the events of 1412 impacted literary output. and Pavel Soukup.
a1_Studie pojednává o formování a vývoji politického exilu ze zemí středovýchodní a jihovýchodní Evropy v době studené války na Západě, především ve Spojených státech amerických. Autor konstatuje, že česká historiografie se v posledních letech začíná sice intenzivněji věnovat protikomunistickému exilu z Československa po únoru 1948, jeho začlenění do širšího mezinárodního rámce a komparace s exilovým hnutím jiných národů východního bloku však dosud prakticky chybí. Hlavním cílem studie je proto poskytnout základní faktografický přehled, který by umožnil posoudit, nakolik se československý (respektive český a slovenský) poúnorový exil vymykal z obvyklého modelu fungování exilové komunity ve studené válce nebo do něj naopak zapadal. S využitím dokumentace uložené v severoamerických archivech nastiňuje autor nejprve obecné předpoklady fungování protikomunistického exilu v západních zemích a přibližuje působení nadnárodních politických reprezentací exulantů, z nichž nejvýznamnější bylo Shromáždění porobených evropských národů (Essembly of Captive European Nations – ACEN), založené roku 1954 v New Yorku. Poté postupně seznamuje s politickými organizacemi a představiteli jednotlivých národních exilů – Albánie, Bulharska, Maďarska, Polska, Rumunska, pobaltských zemí a zemí bývalé Jugoslávie. Autor ukazuje, že role a postavení politického exilu z Východu se podstatně odvozovaly od proměn mezinárodní situace a do značné míry závisely na podpoře institucí Spojených států. Tomu odpovídal jeho zrod ve druhé polovině čtyřicátých let, rozmach v letech padesátých a postupný úpadek v následujících třech desetiletích., a2_K charakteristickému obrazu protikomunistických exilů patřily interní krize a konflikty, často vznikající z malicherných důvodů, osobní animozity, problémy s legitimitou vedoucích orgánů, absence charizmatických osobností a převaha propagandistického rozměru činnosti., b1_This article discusses the formation and development of groupings of political exiles from the countries of east-central and southeast Europe in the West, particularly in the USA, during the Cold War. The author states that although Czech historians have in recent years begun to pay more attention to anti-Communist exiles from Czechoslovakia after the Communist takeover of February 1948, the inclusion of this topic in the wider international context and comparitive research on exile movements of other East Bloc nations is still fundamentally lacking. The chief aim of the article is therefore to provide a basic factual overview to enable scholars to assess the extent to which Czechoslovak (or Czech and Slovak) post- -February-1948 exiles cannot be discussed using the usual model of the operation of the exile community during the Cold War or, on the contrary, do fit nicely into it. Using records in North American archives, the author first outlines the general preconditions for the operation of the anti-Communist exile movement in Western countries and he describes the work of supranational political representatives of exiles, the most important of which was the Assembly of Captive European Nations (ACEN), established in New York City in 1954. He then gradually introduces the political organizations and representatives of the individual national exiles of Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Baltic countries, and the countries of the former Yugoslavia. He demonstrates that the role and standing of the political exile associations from eastern Europe were essentially derived from changes in international politics and were to a considerable extent dependent on the support of US institutions. That was a consequence of their origin in the second half of the 1940s, their expansion in the 1950s, and their gradual decline over the next three decades., b2_The characteristic image of the anti-Communist exiles includes internal crises and conflicts, which were often rooted in petty causes, personal animosity, problems with the legitimacy of the leading bodies, an absence of charismatic figures, and the predominance of propaganda in their work., and Martin Nekola.
Rescue excavation in Dzeravá Skala cave near Plavecký Mikuláš – fi eld season 2005 (Slovakia). Dzeravá skala cave, known as an important Upper Palaeolithic site, is approximately 22-meters long and is located in the Lesser Carpathians (western Slovakia). During a rescue excavation in 2005 a feature interpreted as an Eneolithic cult pit (Lengyel culture IV – the Ludanice group) was discovered along with ceramic fragments and 21 copper objects., Zdeněk Farkaš., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article draws attention to the new possibilities of the research into the genre and thematic composition of Czech printed production of the 16th century, which are going to be offered by the Knihověda.cz portal in future. This portal virtually merges two databases of the national retrospective bibliography - Knihopis and Bibliografie cizojazyčných bohemikálních tisků 1501-1800 [The Bibliography of Foreign-Language Printed Bohemica 1501-1800]. It examines the genre composition of both Czech- and foreign-language printed production of the 16th century, which comprises a total of more than 4,000 units, and monitors the gradual development of the genres established in previous periods and the occurrence of entirely new genres. The aim of the paper is not a detailed analysis of the selected period but rather a basic overview of the genres and an indication of new research possibilities., Andrea Jelínková., Obsahuje anglické resumé a dvě textové přílohy, and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Cremation in Late-Stage Bell-Beaker Culture Amphoras in Southern Moravia (Including a note on the internal arrangement of Bell-Beaker Culture society). There is an interesting fi nd among the graves of the Bell Beaker Culture in south Moravia (Hostěradice and Jiřice, Znojmo region), in which cremation burial were disposed in urns – especially amphoras covered with another, upside-down vessel (usually a bowl, sometimes a smaller amphora). This intriguing fi nd is the contents of a cremation in Božice – Česká kolonie near Dvůr Hoja. There is a unique, irreplaceable item in the collection of funerary pottery from Božice – Česká kolonie (near Dvůr Hoja) – an urn containing the remains of a cremation. It is a large, wide amphora with four handles and a bulge. The “comb” decoration on its bottom with densely placed thin grooves is very rare in the Bell-Beaker Culture. The cremation inside was covered with a toppled bowl with a wider rim. The grave pit is of cylindrical shape. The grave contained the burned bones of one or two people. One group consisted of more robust human bones, while the second group was more delicate., Jaromír Kovárník., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This work summarizes the results of the excavation at Pˇríbor – „Pod Šibeˇnákem“ Lusatian burial ground. This site is so far the largest known cremation burial ground of Lusatian culture in north-eastern Moravia. The first excavations conducted by local amateur archaeologists in the 1970s and 1980s uncovered approximately ten graves. During construction activities in 2009, an archaeological rescue excavation was conducted. Eighty-nine extensively damaged burials were uncovered. They contained ceramics as well as other grave goods (bronze and iron artefacts, glass beads). On this basis, the uncovered burials can be dated to the RHA1–RHC2 periods and the burial ground was used most intensively during the RHB3–RHC1/HC2 stages of Reineck periodization. The discovered archaeological data, as well as the results of specialized scientific analyses, allow some basic conclusions regarding the character of the local settlement during the transitional period between the Silesian and Platˇenice phases of Lusatian culture., Pavel Stabrava., and Obsahuje seznam literatury