Objectives. Research on populism has pro-gressed over the last decade and several scales have been proposed to measure populist at-titudes. None of these has been validated in the context of Slovakia, where populists are a long-term part of both coalition and opposition. This study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of four populist attitudes scales that are frequently used and verified in international research, on a Slovak sample. Participants and setting. Data of 832 respond-ents collected using an online panel in Novem-ber 2021 were analyzed using the R software. The research sample was representative accord-ing to the distribution of gender, age, education, and regions in Slovakia. Statistical analysis. The original scales were tested using an exploratory dataset (N = 416). The modified scales were verified using a con-firmatory dataset (N = 416). Results.The results showed that the original scales did not fit the data. However, after several modifications, the two scales were validated on the Slovak sample. The scales were invariant across the gender, age, and educational groups. Limits. A possible shortcoming of the validated populist attitudes scales is the instability in pre-dicting electoral behavior, which is discussed in connection with the results of other studies, and the Slovak political and cultural context. and Ciele. Výskum populizmu posledné desaťročie napreduje, čoho znakom je navrhnutie niekoľ-kých škál na meranie populistických postojov. Žiadna z nich nebola overená v podmienkach Slovenska, kde sú populisti dlhodobo súčasťou koalície aj opozície. Cieľom tejto štúdie bolo overiť psychometrické vlastnosti štyroch škál populistických postojov, ktoré sa často používa-jú a overujú v medzinárodných výskumoch, na slovenskej vzorke. Participanti a postup výskumu. Dáta 832 res-pondentov, získané pomocou online panelu v novembri 2021, boli analyzované pomocou softvéru R. Výskumná vzorka bola reprezen-tatívna z hľadiska distribúcie pohlavia, veku, úrovne vzdelania a príslušnosti k regiónom Slo-venska. Štatistická analýza. Pôvodné škály boli testova-né pomocou exploračného súboru dát (N = 416). Modifikované škály boli overené pomocou kon-firmačného súboru dát (N = 416). Výsledky. Výsledky ukázali, že pôvodné škály nezodpovedajú dátam. Po niekoľkých úpravách však boli dve škály validované na slovenskej vzorke. Škály boli invariantné pre pohlavie, vek a dosiahnuté vzdelanie. Limity. Možným nedostatkom validovaných škál populistických postojov je nestabilita pri predikcii volebného správania, ktorá je disku-tovaná v kontexte výsledkov iných štúdií a tiež v politickom a kultúrnom kontexte Slovenska.
VALLEX 3.0 provides information on the valency structure (combinatorial potential) of verbs in their particular senses, which are characterized by glosses and examples. VALLEX 3.0 describes almost 4 600 Czech verbs in more than 10 800 lexical units, i.e., given verbs in the given senses.
VALLEX 3.0 is a is a collection of linguistically annotated data and documentation, resulting from an attempt at formal description of valency frames of Czech verbs. In order to satisfy different needs of different potential users, the lexicon is distributed (i) in a HTML version (the data allows for an easy and fast navigation through the lexicon) and (ii) in a machine-tractable form as a single XML file, so that the VALLEX data can be used in NLP applications.
VALLEX 4.0 provides information on the valency structure (combinatorial potential) of verbs in their particular senses; each sense is by a gloss and examples. VALLEX 4.0 describes almost 4 700 Czech verbs in more than 11 000 lexical units, i.e., given verbs in the given senses. VALLEX 4.0 is a is a collection of linguistically annotated data and documentation, resulting from an attempt at formal description of valency frames of Czech verbs. In order to satisfy different needs of different potential users, the lexicon is distributed (i) in a HTML version (the data allows for an easy and fast navigation through the lexicon) and (ii) in a machine-tractable form, so that the VALLEX data can be used in NLP applications. VALLEX 4.0 provides (in addition to information from previous versions) also characteristics of verbs expressing reciprocity and reflexivity.
The data is provided in two formats: XML and JSON.
VALLEX 4.5 provides information on the valency structure (combinatorial potential) of Czech verbs in their particular senses (almost 4 700 verbs in more than 11 080 lexical units, supplemented with more than 290 nouns in more than 350 lexical units forming complex predicates with light verbs). VALLEX 4.5 is an enhanced successor of VALLEX 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0. In addition to the information stored there, VALLEX 4.5 provides a detailed description of reflexive verbs, i.e., verbs with the reflexive "se" or "si" as an obligatory part of their verb lexemes. VALLEX 4.5 covers 1 525 reflexive verbs in 1 545 lexical units (2 501 when aspectual counterparts counted separately). In order to satisfy different needs of different potential users, the lexicon is distributed (i) online in a HTML version (the data allows for an easy and fast navigation through the lexicon) and (ii) in this distribution in a machine-tractable form, so that the VALLEX data can be used in NLP applications.