Článek přestavuje taxonomicky problematický rod chrpa z čeledi Asteraceae. Jsou diskutovány současné pohledy na vymezení a vnitřní členění rodu založené na molekulárních znacích. Dále je popsána problematika hybridizace, která je v rodu velmi častá, a její souvislost s polyploidií (druhy stejné ploidie se často kříží za vzniku rozsáhlých a variabilních hybridních rojů, zatímco mezi ploidiemi je silná reprodukční bariéra)., Centaurea is a taxonomically critical genus from the Asteraceae family. Current delimitation of the genus and its internal classification based on molecular data are discussed. Hybridization and polyploidy are common in Centaurea. The frequency of hybridization depends on ploidy levels of the taxa (homoploid taxa usually hybridize easily and form extensive and variable hybrid swarms, while heteroploid taxa are reproductively strongly isolated)., and Petr Koutecký.
The Chrudim printing house was one of the most important producers of broadside ballad sheets in the 19th century. However, at the time of the printers Josef Jan Košina and his wife Františka, a significant part of the production did not contain information about printing in Chrudim. To hide the origin of broadside ballad sheets, the Chrudim printing house would at times falsify the place of printing. This study elucidates how to identify false imprints of broadside ballad sheets by comparing woodcuts and typographic decoration. Based on the collection of Moravian Library in Brno, the study shows that false imprints of broadside ballad sheets represent almost a third of the printing production in the Chrudim printing house. This finding poses a problem for research into the printing production of broadside ballad sheets in the first half of the 19th century because the use of the false imprints and missing information can greatly distort the extent of the entire production. This study also provides an analysis of the most commonly used false locations as well as the types of broadside ballad sheets produced by the Chrudim printing house. Last but not least, it seeks to outline the main reasons for the use of false imprints of broadside ballad sheets.
The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between forms of labour market marginalisation, understood here in terms of labour market status and job quality on the one hand, and income disadvantage, material deprivation and social exclusion on the other hand. Public policies that aim to improve labour market position and the income level of people disadvantaged in the labour market are also assessed. The authors draw on data from a survey on social exclusion in the Czech Republic focusing on people who were welfare benefits recipients in 2004 or considered their situation to be comparable to that of welfare recipients. The authors show that labour market marginalisation is transparent not only during unemployment spells (often repeated and longterm) but also in the case of temporary, low paid and poor quality jobs. The income levels of people employed in the lowest segment of the labour market and of the unemployed are similar, while the deprivation of the unemployed is greater with regard to the possibilities open to them to influence the life course and opportunities of them and especially their families. The authors point out the under-use of welfare benefits and identify measures that could improve the standard of living and human capital of people who are disadvantaged. While some disadvantaged people continue to be active in the labour market and perceive work incentives, the authors also identify the poverty traps that emerge for the fraction of them who become discouraged and welfare-dependent.
V čeledi arekovitých (Arecaceae) nacházíme řadu zajímavých morfologických adaptací ke stanovištním podmínkám. Ve sféře kořenů patří k nejvýznamnějším chůdovité kořeny vznikající nejčastěji na podmáčených stanovištích jako opory kmene. Autor popisuje jejich vznik, anatomickou a morfologickou stavbu a přibližuje příklady na jihoamerických palmách rodů Socratea a Iriartea. and Numerous morphological adaptations to site conditions can be found in the Arecaceae family. With regard to its roots, among the most spectacular are prop roots. They are developed mostly in waterlogged sites to support the stem. The development of prop roots and their anatomical and morphological structure described in the article are demonstrated in the South-American palms of the genus Socratea and Iriartea.
The goal of this paper is not only to explain the history of the little known affair of the British citizen William N. Churchill that occurred in the vicinity of Scutari (Üsküdar) in 1836 but also, and in particular, to demonstrate that as part of its course and outcome the European Powers utilized similar not very serious and largely insubstantial abuses of their citizens in other parts of the world in order to justify their own imperailistic conduct, and thus far exceeded the gravity of the alleged abuses through their own actions. To introduce this issue within a wider perspective, the present article links the Churchill Affair with another event from the same epoch, the so-called Fly Wisk Incident of an Algerian Dey in 1827, which enabled the French government to justify its subsequent occupation of Algeria, thus initiating the European conquest of North Africa in the 19th century., Miroslav Šedivý., and Obsahuje seznam literatury