The November 17 was first declared as International Students' Day in 1941 in London by the International Students' Council. Struggle for Freedom and Demo- cracy Day (formely Students' Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day - established in 1990) has been observed as an official holiday in the Czech Republic since 2000. This date is also associated with the origin of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (1952-1992), which comprised research institutes, a learned society and a body of academicians and corresponding members. Despite being subjected to heavy ideological pressure until the fall of the communist regime in 1989, Czech science was nevertheless able to maintain its creative energy in a number of instances and to find its way to the world scientific community (although there were disparities within the various fields of sciences during different periods of the regime). and Marina Hužvárová.
Another article describes ASCR's scientific cooperation with the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas — CSIC), the largest public institution dedicated to research in Spain. Its primary objective is to develop and promote research to achieve scientific and technological progress, and it collaborates with Spanish and foreign entities to attain this aim. and Danuše Pazourková [a kol.].
Evropská komise zveřejnila v dubnu 2015 výsledky veřejné konzultace na téma „Věda 2.0 - Měnící se věda“ („Science 2.0: Science in Transition“), která zhodnotila dosavadní tvorbu evropského výzkumu a organizace vědy. Aktéři jednání, kteří se podílejí na evropském výzkumném rámci, mohli od července do září 2014 vyjádřit názory na změny, jež umožnily vznik digitálních technologií a globalizaci vědecké komunity. and Lucia Krajčovicová.
Weathering and erosion of sandstone landscapes often results in many amazing landforms such as arches, alcoves (rock shelters), pedestal rocks and pillars. Long-term research has produced numerous contrasting ideas for the origin of these landforms. The presence of salt and/or occurrence of freezing water and/or similar potential weathering/erosion processes at site are common causes of these landforms. The effect of gravity loading stress has been overlooked or assumed to increase the landform’s weathering rate. Research at the Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics is based on field observations of locked sands and cemented sandstones and on physical experiments, followed by a numerical modelling. This may be the first time that the landforms cited above were reproduced in laboratory experiments. The Institute interpreted its findings by a novel mechanical model called “the concept of locus of fabric instability.” The results clearly show that an increase in stress within the landform (fabric interlocking) reduces weathering and erosion. Material with insufficient loading is rapidly removed by that weathering process and the remaining load bearing landform structure is protected by the fabric interlocking mechanism. The Institute concludes that its research that planar discontinuities in sandstone and negative feedback between stress and weathering/erosion processes are sufficient conditions to create landforms. and Michal Filippi, Jana Schweigstillová.