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62. Stříbrná stezka: česko-německá přeshraniční spolupráce v praxi
- Creator:
- Novotný, Lukáš
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Czech Republic, Saxony, Silver Road, cross-border cooperation, Czech-German relations, and mining
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Cross-border cooperation between Czechs and Germans is currently evolving in numerous areas. In recent years, the mining tradition has become the common denominator of cross-border activities in the Ore Mountains region. The study deals with this aspect of Czech-Saxon cross-border cooperation primarily from the perspective of regional development and tourism. It focuses on the Silver Road and its role in contemporary Czech-Saxon cross-border activities. As a symbol of shared heritage, the Silver Road exemplifies the so-called spatial turn, i.e. the cultural-social dimension of cross-border cooperation. The article seeks to present the Silver Road as an example of cross-border cooperation in tourism/destination management and to enrich that cooperation based on a survey of local residents. It strives to determine the importance of the role in public awareness played by this specific tourism product, namely the Silver Road and the mining heritage as a whole, what Czechs and Saxons know about this local tradition and the neighbouring country’s traditions. It is concluded by summarizing the potentials and deficits of the Silver Road’s destination management. The study presents the results of a questionnaire survey implemented in mid-2016 which focused on the mining theme and its potential for Czech-Saxon cross-border activities and cooperation. The survey targeted local residents in communities along the Silver Road. 350 questionnaires were collected in the Czech Republic and 550 in Saxony. Quota sampling was applied, with minor deviations in terms of age and distribution of the population in the Czech sample due to the Silver Road’s small geographical coverage. Since the stakeholders on both sides of the border are planning to include these sites in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, we need to study the attitudes of local residents to determine whether this is lived heritage. The article demonstrates that the mining theme plays an important role in the practice of cross-border cooperation between the Czech Republic and the Free State of Saxony. A cross-border activity with such high ambitions as UNESCO listing cannot be found elsewhere in the Czech borderland. While the Saxon side exhibits a considerably higher intensity of cross-border activities, Ore Mountains residents in both countries are little aware of the ways the mining heritage is being developed in the neighbouring country. Most of the respondents do not know the neighbouring country’s mining heritage sites. Based on this finding, we argue that cross-border marketing communication needs to be improved, and this applies both to the Saxon institutions dealing with regional development and tourism and to entities at the level of the Karlovy Vary and Ústí nad Labem regions. Moreover, CzechTourism, as the key agency of central government responsible for marketing communication and destination management in the Czech Republic, should probably get involved in these activities as well. Finally, cross-border destination management needs to be encouraged. Bilingual activities should perhaps be undertaken because the language barrier continues to pose a relatively major obstacle to Czech-Saxon cross-border cooperation, a fact also revealed by previous studies. In addition to these promotional activities, marketing communication needs to be elaborated more comprehensively to better tap the possibilities of new media. Inspiration can be drawn from similar activities or areas with cross-border destination management.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
63. Studium bezdomovectví v USA: inspirace pro výzkum v České republice
- Creator:
- Vašát, Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- homelessness, USA, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Homelessness in the Czech Republic is a relatively new phenomenon. Because of ideological background before 1989, as a result of loss of employment, it could not show up. For that reason, it fully emerged in early 1990s. Under this condition, it has been also unresearched for long time. Moreover, most of the written papers have ignored key studies from abroad, especially from the USA. Therefore, this paper offers an overview of studying the homelessness in USA. It briefly describes historic and cultural movement from the pre-industrial poor to the urban centric homeless. Then, in light of distinguished periods of 20th century, it focuses on conditions of emergence and development American skid rows and particularities of their populations. Finally, the paper presents important studies of all these periods. Based on overview of American homelessness the paper articulates four propositions for a research in the Czech Republic. The research should focus on: (1) historic, socio-cultural and polical-economical context related to postsocialism and neoliberalism; (2) searching for less ideological conceptualizations of homelessness; (3) connecting poverty as the main factor of homelessness with other ones; (4) carrying out more ethnographic researches.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
64. Subjektivní reflexe reemigrace černobylských přesídlenců v lokalitě Kopidlno
- Creator:
- Šolcová, Lenka
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ethnology, social anthropology, migration, adaptation, cultural shock, Ukraine, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of the following text was to intermediate the personal reflection of migrants of preponderantly Czech origin who were in the years 1991-1993 resettled from the former Soviet Union to the Czech Republic. Better to say, the article focuses on one specific group of these displaced persons who came in the year 1993 and have lived since then in the locality Kopidlno. The main aim of the text is to reflect the way how the refugees themselves at present assess the motivation for their leaving of the land of their forefathers, how they evaluate their adaptation and integration with respect to the locality in which they live, how did they cope with the „resettlement shock“ and how did they succeed in the „competition“ with the majority society, for example at work. The final part of the text presents the differences in assessment of the return migration process and in evaluation of the locality between the first and second generation of the return migrants. The text was based on repeated guided interviews and observations realized in the locality of Kopidlno during the years 2008-2010.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
65. The Czech economic elite after fifteen years of post-socialist transformation
- Creator:
- Machonin, Pavel, Tuček, Milan, and Nekola, Martin
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- post-socialist transformation, Czech Republic, economic elite, and change
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The East-Central European post-socialist transformations have now reached a new stage, with the need to address the problems of further modernisation and maintenance in the context of the EU. The role of elites in this process is as intermediators between the influence of the European context and the needs and interests of differentiated internal social structures. Their attitudes and behaviour exhibit a high degree of internal fragmentation and division corresponding to various strategical orientations favouring various societal models. The post-socialist Czech economic elite was initially reproduced out of former state socialist managers and their cadre reserves. After the first phase of economic developments, inspired by neo-liberal radical privatisation and elements of 'shock therapy', and once the new, more European phase ushered in many new factors, there was a distinct decline in the number of 'old-new' economic elite on the scene. In the empirical part of the article the results of several surveys are used to briefly describe the changes in the composition of the Czech economic elite in the 1994-2005 period and to summarise their attitudes and behaviour. The analysis concludes that the current image of a liberal and pro-European Czech elite is consistent with the stable and remarkable progress of the Czech economy since 1999, the considerable wealth, strong profits, and high salaries enjoyed by top elites, and the enhancement of their role in the European economy. There are also some limitations and weak points that diverge from this general picture. The article's conclusions touch on the question of the role of the economic elite in the progress of arriving at more consensual attitudes and behaviour among societal elites as a whole, favouring further economic growth, modernisation and the strengthening of social cohesion in the context of the EU.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
66. Trávení volného času v České republice ve srovnání s evropskými zeměmi
- Creator:
- Jiří Šafr and Věra Patočková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, leisure, life style, Czech Republic, Europe, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Stať se zabývá trávením volného času. Nejprve uvádíme význam trávení volného času a odpovídající sociologickými koncepty. V empirické části analyzujeme data z mezinárodního výzkumu ISSP 2007 – Volný čas a sport. Popisujeme frekvenci 13 volnočasových aktivit a spolu s vnímanými funkce volného času je srovnáváme s 18 evropskými zeměmi. V následující části nejprve pomocí klastrové analýzy rozkrýváme strukturu volnočasových aktivit v České republice, identifikovány byly tři hlavní životní styly: (1) kulturní a sportovní aktivity mimo domov typické pro mladou generaci, (2) nakupování, navštěvování příbuzných, sledování TV a čtení příznačnou pro ženy a (3) domácí práce/kutilství charakteristické pro muže. Na závěr pomocí multinominální logistické regrese identifikujeme nositele těchto životních stylů z hlediska sociodemografických charakteristik., The article focuses on leisure activities in the Czech Republic. After the introductory part defining leisure and its functions, data from the international research ISSP 2007 Leisure and Sport are analyzed. Frequencies of 13 leisure acti - vities and perceived functions of leisure are described and the Czech results are briefly compared with the average of 18 European countries. Then attention is paid to the structure of leisure activities in the Czech society. Three main leisure clus - ters, i.e. types of lifestyle, were identified: (1) cultural and sporting activities outside home, (2) “female” culture (shopping, watching TV, reading books and visiting relatives), (3) “home-loving” style of life (doing handicrafts and do-it-yourself). The main sociodemographic characteristics of their followers are delineated using multinominal logistic regression., and Jiří Šafr, Věra Patočková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
67. Věková homogamie českých sňatků 1920-2000
- Creator:
- Fučík, Petr
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- sociology of the family, marriage market, assortative mating, age homogamy, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article examines the long-term changes and the age homogamy of marriages that took place in the Czech Republic between 1920 and 2000. The analysis of data acquired from a study of vital registration is divided into a descriptive part - describing the age structure of the marriage market and the absolute degree of age homogamy - and an exploratory part - creating a log-linear model of the structure and changes of relative age homogamy. Three hypotheses are formulated in connection with the latter part of the analysis, of which the hypothesis about increasing age homogamy seems acceptable. Results from the descriptive analysis and the models show that age homogamy has been increasing during the 20th century, both in the case of first marriages and remarriages. The hypothesis about the greater degree of age heterogamy in the case of remarriages can also be accepted, while the testing of the third hypothesis, that the older the marital partners are the more heterogamous their age structure, proved inconclusive and requires further investigation.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68. Vnitřní periferie v Česku: Multidimenzionalita sociálního vyloučení ve venkovských oblastech
- Creator:
- Bernard, Josef and Šimon, Martin
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- peripheries, disadvantage, area deprivation, public policy, rural areas, social exclusion, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The spatial concentration of social disadvantage in rural areas not only poses a risk to social cohesion but also represents a challenge for public policy. This article draws on a multidimensional concept of disadvantage to study spatial aspects of disadvantage in Czech rural areas. Current studies aimed at identifying ‘inner peripheries’ as areas with an increased risk of social exclusion fail to distinguish between different forms of disadvantage. Their methodological approach blends regions struggling with various problems into one category. Contesting the one-dimensionality of peripheries, this article presents an alternative approach that allows the delimitation of multiple types of peripheral areas based on four separate dimensions of disadvantage. It is possible then to distinguish: peripheries characterised by low qualifications, lower living standards, and the absence of a middle class; peripheries with an increased risk of social exclusion; peripheries with poor accessibility; and peripheries facing demographic challenges. Differences in the spatial patterns of the four types of peripheries indicate that different sociospatial processes contribute to the emergence of different types of peripheries and this calls for varied public policy tools and measures.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
69. Vše v rámci trhu, nic proti trhu, nic mimo trh: neoliberální devianti a dohled nad nimi skrze sociální pomoc
- Creator:
- Mertl, Jiří
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- CDA, Czech Republic, illiberal practices, neoliberal governmentality, semi-structured interviews, social deviation, stigmatisation, and welfare surveillance
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article focuses on welfare surveillance as a sociological sub-discipline and a specific issue that has emerged in the past two decades in relation to the neoliberal revolution and the transformation of social systems in the West. The paper has three main goals: (1) a theoretical conceptualisation of welfare surveillance based on an analysis of existing empirical research; (2) an analysis of socio-practical manifestations and impacts of welfare surveillance; and (3) a contextualisation of the implementation of welfare surveillance within the Czech social milieu during recent social reforms. Within the scope of the first two goals, the author shows that welfare surveillance is theoretically construed along the lines of a specific combination of social justice and neoliberal governmentality, and that welfare surveillance enables the application of specific illiberal practices to welfare applicants and recipients in order to effectively discipline and normalise them, which results in the stigmatisation and criminalisation of recipients. Given that there is relatively little research on surveillance in the Czech Republic, the article opens with an introduction to the issue of surveillance.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
70. Vzhůru do pootevřených dveří - ale co pak?
- Creator:
- Frolík, Jan, Jiráň, Luboš, Kuna, Martin, and Mařík, Jan
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- archeologie, terénní výzkum, legislativa, Česká republika, archaeology, excavation, legislation, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V době příprav nové legislativy upravující podmínky pro působení archeologie otevírají následující texty diskusi o provádění terénních výzkumů v České republice. Výchozí text kritizuje praxi, kdy si tzv. oprávněné organizace zaměstnávající profesionální archeology najímají na výkopové a dokumentační práce komerční organizace, tzv. servisní firmy, které vyplácejí z finančních prostředků poskytnutých zpravidla investorem na úhradu nákladů na výzkum. Pokud archeologie rezignuje na neustálé řízení postupu terénního výzkumu, přestává být poznávacím oborem, popsaná praxe navíc může být v rozporu s principem financování archeologických výzkumů vycházejícím z nonprofitního pojetí realizace odborné činnosti ve veřejném zájmu. Oponenti poukazují na to, že nejde o problém servisních organizací, ale o otázku jejich korektního či nekorektního využití. Nutnost jejich zapojení do terénního výzkumu zdůvodňují mj. omezenými kapacitami profesních archeologů a podmínkami rozsáhlých a striktně termínovaných záchranných prací; archeolog – vedoucí výzkumu je plně odpovědný za úroveň řešení odborných otázek i využití vynaložených prostředků. Nalézt průnik obou pohledů nebude snadné, avšak archeologie musí v každém případě eliminovat společenská rizika spojená s těmito problémy. and The conducting of terrain excavations in the Czech Republic is the topic of the ensuing discussion at a time when new legislation is being prepared on the conditions for archaeological operations. The starting text involves a critique on the practice of licensed organisations, which employ professional archaeologists, hiring commercial organisations, i.e. so-called “service companies”, to perform digging and recording work, and who pay these “service companies” from funds provided by investors to cover excavation costs. If archaeology resigns to the continuous management of terrain excavation procedures, it will stop being an epistemic field. The described practice can furthermore be in conflict with the principle of financing archaeological excavations stemming from the non-profit conception of the execution of professional activities in the interest of the public. Objectors see it as not being a problem of service companies, but a question of the correct or incorrect utilisation of these companies. These organisations state one of the reasons for using these service companies in terrain work as being the limited capacity of professional archaeologists and the conditions surrounding extensive rescue excavation work and its strict deadlines; the archaeologist – the head of the excavation is fully responsible for the standard of resolving specialised issues and the utilisation of expended resources. Finding a meeting point between these two views will not be easy, however archaeology must in all cases eliminate the social risks linked with these problems.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/