Zatímco primární právo Evropské unie (včetně jejích předchůdců: Evropského hospodářského společenství a Evropského společenství) prošlo od r. 1957 řadou klíčových změn, zůstává primární právoEuratomu i dnes v zásadě identické, jako tomu bylo před 55 lety. S ohledem na tuto skutečnost je Euratomčasto předmětem kritiky. Kritika je směrována nejenom vůči cíli, pro nějž byl Euratom zřízen, ale i ve vztahuk řadě obsoletních ustanovení primárního práva a způsobu vydávání právních předpisů, ve kterémEvropský parlament dodnes nedisponuje spolurozhodovací pravomocí.V této souvislosti se mluví o demokratickémdeficitu a Evropské společenství pro atomovou energii je označováno jako „fosilie“. Na stranědruhé ovšem došlo zejména pod vlivem judikatury Evropského soudního dvoru k rozsáhlé legislativní činnostiEuratomu, která se opírá o (původně marginální) Kapitolu třetí. Tyto posuny je možné chápat i jakosoučást šířeji koncipovaného fenoménu „europeizace mezinárodního práva“, tj. absorbování ustanovení mezinárodních úmluv v předpisech evropského práva. Příspěvek se věnuje otázce, jaká je role legislativyEuratomu v novém miléniu a jaké jsou perspektivy tohoto společenství tváří v tvář důsledkům haváriev japonské jaderné elektrárně Fukushima Dai-ichi. and The Euratom Treaty has largely remained in its original 1957 form up until today, whilst the EC Treaty and the EU Treaty have been amended several times with many substantive changes and additions. Given its age and its largely unamended state, the Euratom Treaty has often been called a fossil, particularly by those who wish to phase out nuclear technology as a source of energy generation altogether. There are also some features that are open to more general criticisms, regardless of the position one takes towards nuclear technology. These include provisions which do not seem to meet today’s requirements, such as the Treaty objective to promoting the ‘speedy establishment and growth of nuclear industries’, the existence of provisions which have never been applied as intended by the authors of the Treaty and Euratom’s democratic deficit and ensuing lack of legitimacy.However, the new millennium opened a considerable shift in the Euratom legislation: Following the ECJ judgement concerning Euratom’s accession to the Convention on Nuclear Safety (2001), Euratom enacted several directives regulating transport of nuclear materials, nuclear safety and radioactive
waste management. This reflects the phenomenon, described as “Europeanization of International Law”, where the European law absorbs provisions of international treaties. Thus, the paper deals with the issue of Euratom’s ability to cope with the most recent challenges and with the perspectives of this Community after the accident in the Japanese nuclear power plant Fukushima Dai-ichi.
The largest international research centre for particle physics, the construction of which the Czech scientific community played a very important role, is celebrating the 60th year since its foundation in September 1954. It operates the 17-mile long Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the largest accelerator in the world. Its official name is the “European Organization for Nuclear Research”, but it is known internationally known by the acronym CERN (from the French, Conseil Européen pour la recherche nucléaire). A noteworthy interactive exhibition took place at ASCR headquarters from September 2 to October 12, 2014 was open to the public without charge. In an “interactive tunnel,” ASCR President Prof. Jiří Drahoš opened the exhibition with a ceremonial “kick-off of the protons.” CERN is the prototype of programmes for European cooperation through which a number of European projects have been built,” Professor Drahoš said. He cited the Czech scientific community for its involvement in experimental and scientific work there. Membership in CERN is important for the Czech Republic not only in terms of participation in top experiments, but significantly in providing young scientists and engineers an invaluable opportunity to expand their knowledge and skills for application in their nations. This issue of Academic bulletin features an interview with dr. Daniel Krasnický from CERN and Universitá di Genova and interview with dr. Jan Blaha from Stanford University who cooperates with CERN. and Jiří Chýla.