The oldest translation into Czech of Eneas Silvius Piccolomini´s Historie česká (Historia Bohemica) was completed in 1487 by Uherský Brod vicar Jan Húska, though the autograph of Húska´s translation has not been preserved; it is only known from a single copy in Vatican Library manuscript Reg. lat. 601, produced in the early 16th century. This study gives a detailed codicological description of this manuscript and attempts to find its story before it was taken from Bohemia to Sweden in the mid-17th century as war booty and thence to Rome as part of Queen Christina´s library.
This article presents a brief summary of research results on handwritten newspapers preserved in book and archive fonds in Vienna and Dresden. The research focused on handwritten newspapers from Prague, with the emphasis in particular on the period between 1583 and 1612, when Prague was Rudolf II's city of residence. At that time it was one of the most important European cenres of news reporting, conveying reports from the entire known world at that time.
Net CO2 uptake rates (PN) were measured for the vine cacti Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus under relatively extreme climatic conditions in Israel. Withholding water decreased rates and the daily amount of CO2 uptake by about 10 % per day. Compared with more moderate climates within environmental chambers, the higher temperatures and lower relative humidity in the field led to a more rapid response to drought. The upper envelopes of scatter diagrams for PN versus temperature for these Crassulacean acid metabolism species, which indicate the maximal rates at a particular temperature, were determined for both night time CO2 uptake in Phase I (mediated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PEPC) and early morning uptake in Phase II (mediated by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, RuBPCO). As stem temperature increased above 13 °C, the maximal PN increased exponentially, reaching maxima near 27 °C of 12 and 8 μmol m-2 s-1 for Phases I and II, respectively, for H. undatus and 6 and 4 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively, for S. megalanthus. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energies of PEPC and RuBPCO were 103 and 86 kJ mol-1, respectively, for H. undatus and 77 and 49 kJ mol-1, respectively, for S. megalanthus, within the range determined for a diverse group of species using different methodologies. Above 28 °C, PN decreased an average of 58 % per °C in Phase I and 30 % per °C in Phase II for the two species; such steep declines with temperature indicate that irrigation then may lead to only small enhancements in net CO2 uptake ability. and J. Ben-Asher ... [et al.].
The responses of rates of net photosynthesis (F^) to photosynthetic photon fluence rate (i), leaf temperature and CO2 were studied inhalf-sib families of greenhouse and field grown black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings. The response of to 1 was similar in both greenhouse and field grown seedlings, except the quantum yields were lower in the field grown seedlings. The saturáting / was as low as 600 pmol m'^ s'’ in some seedlings but did not saturate at 1900 púiol m'^ s'^ in others. The optimum temperature for in field grown seedlings was shghtly lower than the greenhouse grown seedlings. increased rapidly with increased CO2 up to 350 pmol mol'^ but beyond SOO pmol mol'* the increase was gradual in some families. On average, stomata represented only 23 % of the limitation to Pii with no differences between families observed. Family x I, family x temperature and family X CO2 were not significant for Pj^.
Young plants of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth were grown in controlled environments with two regimes of CO2 in the air: normál (350 cm^ m'^) and elevated (700 cm^ m‘3). The relative growth rate of plants grown at elevated CO2 was increased by about 20 % in comparison with control plants cultivated at ambient CO2 concentration. Partitioning of assimilates into roots (+ rhizomes) and shoots was the same in both treatments. Slightly lower values of specifíc leaf area, leaf mass ratio and leaf area ratio were found in the plants grown at elevated CO2. The net photosynthetic rate (P^) was measured gasometrically in plants from both treatments at 350 and 700 cm^ m"^ CO2 in the leaf chamber. There were no signifícant differences between plants grown at either CO2 concentration in their responses to radiation and CO2 conditions during measurements, i.e., no regulation of photosynthetic processes in response to elevated CO2 was detectable. at saturating irradiance and maximum apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis were always considerably higher at doubled CO2 concentration during measurements.
Net photosynthetic rate (PN) was studied in field-grown peanut cv. GG 2 in relation to leaf position, time of day, reproductive-sink, and phenophase. In general, PN remained higher in the upper leaves (first from top to the fourth) than in the lower leaves (fifth to eighth). The mean PN of the leaves situated upper and the leaves lower in the canopy increased from the morning, reached a maximum during noon hours, and decreased thereafter. Between 09:00 to 10:00 h, PN, stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) in the upper leaves were higher than in the lower leaves, but between 12:00 and 13:00 h, these activities increased significantly in the lower leaves. Highest PN was found during pod-development phase. Removal of flowers, and hence of active reproductive-sink, decreased plant height and number of leaves, and initiated accumulation of photosynthates in the leaves. The PN per unit leaf area in plants with reproductive-sink (WRS) was similar to those without reproductive-sink (WORS). However, leaf area of WORS plants decreased significantly, mainly due to the reduction in number of leaves. No feed-back inhibition of PN (per unit leaf area) was found despite accumulation of photosynthates in the leaves as a result of removal of the active reproductive-sink. and P. C. Nautiyal, V. Ravindra, Y. C. Joshi.
We investigated net photosynthetic rate and antioxidative enzyme activities in Erythrina orientalis grown in three different sites: Makati and Quezon (cities with high levels of air pollution, HP) and La Mesa (a non-polluted area, NP). Photosynthetic activity of E. orientalis was significantly reduced in the HP cities. In contrast, activities of the antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were significantly higher in HP cities than in the NP area. and S. Y. Woo, D. K. Lee, Y. K. Lee.
Using EPR spectroscopy it was found that CdCl2 and HgCl2 interact (1) with the intermediates Z./D., i.e. with the tyrosine radicals on the donor side of photosystem (PS) 2 situated in the 161st position in D1 and D2 proteins; (2) with the primary donor of PS1 (P700) whereby the oxidation of chlorophyll (Chl) a dimer in the reaction centre of PS1 occurs yet in the dark; (3) with the manganese cluster which is situated in the oxygen evolving complex. Due to these interactions of investigated metal chlorides with the photosynthetic apparatus, the interruption of the photosynthetic electron transport through photosynthetic centres occurs. Monitoring of time dependence of EPR signal I of chloroplasts treated with CdCl2 or HgCl2 after switching off the light suggests that all mechanisms, i.e. direct, cyclic, and non-cyclic reductions of P700+ are damaged. The formation of complexes between mercury or cadmium ions and amino acid residues constituting photosynthetic peptides was suggested as possible mechanism of their inhibitory action. The higher HgCl2 efficiency in comparison with that of CdCl2 was explained by higher ability of mercury ions to form complexes with amino acids, what was demonstrated by their apparent binding constants: K = 10 200 M-1 for Hg2+ ions, and K = 3 700 M-1 for Cd2+ ions. and F. Šršeň, K. Kráľová.