The article focuses on the nature of the worlds of narrative fiction, ways of their representation, the status and identity conditions of fictional entities and correlatively on the role of singular terms in literary texts. According to the author, the basic question providing a proper framework for addressing such topics is: what does the reader have to do (to presuppose, to accept, to imagine) in order to allow the text of narrative fiction to fulfil its literary functions? The alternative is to start with the ''text itself'', i.e. sentences with their linguistic meanings (in abstraction from their literary functions), and ask what kind of material does the text provide to the interpreter, what does it enable him/her to identify and determine and what does it leave principially unidentifiable and underdetermined. According to the author, such an approach blocks the access (or makes impossible the return) to the text’s literary functions. The author defends certain specification of the interpretative attitude required by the literary functions of a text of narrative fiction from its reader. Among other things, he attempts to demonstrate its general applicability by analyzing a highly non-standard type of narration (labelled ''radical'')., Příspěvek se zaměřuje na podstatu světů narativní fikce, způsoby jejich reprezentace, stavové a identifikační podmínky fiktivních entit a korelační roli v roli singulárních pojmů v literárních textech. Podle autora je základní otázkou, která poskytuje vhodný rámec pro řešení těchto témat: co musí čtenář udělat (předpokládat, přijmout, představit si), aby text narativní fikce splnil své literární funkce? Alternativou je začít s ,,samotným textem'', tj. Větami s jejich jazykovými významy (v abstrakci z jejich literárních funkcí), a zeptat se, jaký materiál poskytuje text tlumočníkovi, co mu umožňuje identifikovat a určovat a co ponechává zásadně neidentifikovatelné a nedefinované. Podle autora takový přístup blokuje přístup (nebo znemožňuje návrat) k literárním funkcím textu. Autor obhajuje určitou specifikaci interpretačního postoje vyžadovaného literárními funkcemi textu narativní fikce z jeho čtenáře. Mimo jiné se pokouší prokázat svou obecnou použitelnost analýzou vysoce nestandardního typu vyprávění (označeného jako ,,radikál'')., and Petr Koťátko
Fictional objects are sometimes modelled as abstract entities; according to some theories, fictional objects are abstract artefacts, i.e. entities that are created by their authors, while according to some other theories, fictional objects are eternal Platonic entities. Both kinds of theories usually suggest that there are two types of relation between such an abstract object and its properties: to use a well-established nomenclature, a fictional object can be said to exemplify certain properties and encode some other properties. The aim of the present paper is to show that the exemplification vs. encoding distinction is not general enough. This is because it is possible to find properties that a fictional object obviously has in some sense, but it makes no good sense to say that it either exemplifies or encodes them. and Marián Zouhar