Článek pojednává o koncepci geneze novověku, kterou Hans Blumenberg představil ve svém díle Legitimita novověku (1966) a kterou dál rozpracovával a doplňoval v dalších dílech. Článek je rozdělen do pěti oddílů. První velice stručně představuje obecné rysy Blumenbergovy filosofie, zejména jeho pojem ulehčení od absolutna. Druhý oddíl představuje Blumenbergovo pojetí gnoze a křesťanskou reakce na gnozi. Blumenberg je totiž přesvědčen, že novověk vznikl jako druhé překonání gnoze, které bylo úspěšnější než první překonání provedené křesťanstvím. Třetí oddíl vysvětluje Blumenbergovu myšlenku návratu gnostického skrytého Boha v pozdně středověkém nominalismu. Čtvrtý oddíl ukazuje způsoby, jimiž se podle Blumenberga ustanovil novověk jako druhé a úspěšné překonání gnoze – především za pomoci masivního rozvoje vědy a techniky. Pátý oddíl obsahuje kritické výhrady vůči Blumenbergově koncepci a rovněž ocenění aktuálnosti jeho filosofie pro dnešní diskuse o povaze raně novověké filosofie., This paper deals with the concept of the genesis of the modern age as introduced by Hans Blumenberg in his book The Legitimacy of the Modern Age (1966) which he elaborated on and complemented in his later writings. The paper is divided into five sections. The first very briefly presents the general features of Blumenberg’s philosophy, especially his notion of “relief from the absolute”. The second section introduces Blumenberg’s concept of gnosis and of the Christian responses to gnosis. Blumenberg was convinced that the modern times emerged as the second overcoming of gnosis which was more successful than its first overcoming by Christianity. The third section introduces Blumenberg’s idea of the recurrence of the hidden gnostic God in late medieval nominalism. The fourth section presents ways in which the modern age, according to Blumenberg, emerged as the successful overcoming of gnosis – especially with the help of the amazing development of science and technology in the early-modern period. The fifth section contains some critical reservations about Blumenberg’s theory. Nevertheless it also appreciates the relevance of Blumenberg’s philosophy for today’s discussion about both the nature and the history of early modern philosophy., and Špelda Daniel.
In this study we concentrate on the reasons for the focus on the therapeutical potential of philosophy in the current period. Among the key causes of the renewed and growing interest in the therapeutical perception of philosophy we give special weight to opportunities stemming from the development of interdisciplinarity and the ever-closer relations of philosophy with certain therapeutical approaches, as well as the confrontation of philosophy with socio-economic and utilitarian pressures in society and the problematising of the task and justification of philosophy in the context of other scientific enterprises. In the study we attempt to indicate some therapeutical aspects of philosophy and philosophising (such as the satisfying function of knowledge, the satisfying aspect of caring about and sharing problems with others, together with the need for the practical application of the findings and the practical aspect of wisdom), which predispose philosophy to the development of its therapeutical potential of philosophy as therapy by thought., Andrej Démuth., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
The aim of this article is to sketch a certain method of indirect reconstruction of the process by which mathematics as a deductive discipline emerged in ancient Greece. We try out this method in a reconstruction of Thales' mathematics, but the main aim for which this method has been developed is the work of Pythagoras. We consider the process of the emergence of mathematics as a process of the constitution of a new language in the framework of which one can carry out deductive proofs. Therefore we base the method of indirect reconstruction of the emergence of mathematics on the theoretical findings in the book L. Kvasz: Vedecká revolúcia ako lingvistická událosť (The Scientific Revolution as a linguistic event, Prague, Filosofia 2013)., Ladislav Kvasz., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
The aim of this paper is to show how the theory of an active society by Amitai Etzioni can provide a theoretical framework for the study of innovation processes - in particular social innovation, which is generally defined here as the implementation of a new social practice aimed at solving social problems and/or meeting social needs. An active society is a society in which collectivities (social groups) have the potential to articulate values and needs, to participate in consensus building processes and decision processes, to develop organisational structures and to realise values through collective social action. This paper discusses the general differentiation and interrelation between culture, structure and agency which is the fundament of the theory of an active society and additionally presents a systematisation which combines these domains with the “elements” (consciousness, commitment, knowledge, power) and “processes” (consensus building, mobilisation, decision making, control/guidance) that Etzioni perceives as the main dimensions of the active orientation. This systematisation can be seen as an adaptation of Etzioni’s theory which tries to make the interrelation between different theoretical dimensions more explicit. and Alexander Kesselring.