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34922. Žena na cestě k umění: Ženské výtvarné vzdělávání v 19. století v Čechách
- Creator:
- Šámal, Petr
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Problematiku tvůrčího uplatnění ženy ve výtvarném umění lze v českém prostředí průběžně sledovat od první poloviny 19. století. K jejím základním tématům patří okolnosti uměleckého vzdělávání, významné pro utváření charakteru a rozšíření ženské tvorby. Příspěvek zachycuje formy uměleckého školení na různých úrovních, které se postupně nabízely ženám a dívkám, se zaměřením na období před osmdesátými lety 19. století, dosud málo zkoumané i z hlediska ženské výtvarné činnosti jako takové. Tehdejší cesty žen k dosažení uměleckých dovedností vykazují rozmanitost spojenou s vyrovnáváním se s omezujícími faktory dané doby. Pozornost se tu věnuje úloze rodinné umělecké tradice jako hlavnímu zdroji profesionálního výtvarného působení ženy v první polovině století. Připomenuty jsou aspekty výtvarného vzdělávání šlechtičen, jejichž umělecké uplatnění tvoří v tomto období nezanedbatelnou součást celku ženského umění. Především v rámci druhé poloviny 19. století je pak sledován vznik a rozvoj skupinového a veřejného ženského uměleckého školení, v jehož počátcích zastávala významnou úlohu známá škola kreslení Amálie Mánesové. Text následně zaznamenává způsoby hromadného uměleckého a uměleckořemeslného vzdělávání žen v šedesátých a sedmdesátých letech, které v tomto směru již významně předcházely činnosti Uměleckoprůmyslové školy. Pozornost zasluhuje novátorská výtvarná výuka na dívčí průmyslové škole Spolku paní sv. Ludmily od roku 1865 a od roku 1871 aktivita obdobně zaměřené, ale intenzivněji působící obchodní a průmyslové školy Ženského výrobního spolku. Pojednání si klade za úkol přinést průřezový pohled na počátky ženského uměleckého vzdělávání v Čechách, zachytit jeho základní rysy a poukázat na pozoruhodné aspekty tohoto tématu v historii ženské umělecké činnosti. and The problems surrounding the creative fulfilment of women in art may be traced continuously in Bohemia beginning in the first half of the 19th century. One basic theme treated in this essay revolves around artistic education, which was significant in forming the character of and disseminating women’s art. The text describes the different forms and levels of artistic training which were progressively provided for women and girls, with emphasis on the period before the 1880s, which has received little attention to date from the standpoint of women’s artistic activities as such. The roads women took then to acquire artistic skills were manifold and connected with the need to cope with the restricting factors of the age. Attention is devoted to the role of family artistic traditions as the main source of professional artistic activity for women in the first half of the century. Aspects of the artistic education of noble women – whose artistic activities constitute a considerable portion of women’s art as a whole – are noted. Then, chiefly within the framework of the second half of the 19th century, the origins and development of group and public artistic schooling for women are contemplated, with attention paid to the significant role played during those early days by the well-known drawing school of Amálie Mánes. Subsequently, the text documents the manners in which large-scale education for women in art and in arts and crafts was carried out in the 1860s and 1870s, already laying important groundwork for the activities of the Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design. The pioneering art education at the Women’s Society of St Ludmila (Spolek paní sv. Ludmily), an industrial school for women, beginning in 1865 deserves special attention, as do the kindred activities carried out (though more intensively) at the Women’s Production Society (Ženský výrobní spolek), a commercial and industrial school from 1871 onward. The essay takes on the task of surveying the dawn of women’s artistic education in Bohemia, outlining its basic features and drawing attention to notable aspects of the subject within the framework of the history of women’s artistic activities.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34923. Žena na trůnu sultánů
- Creator:
- Vachala, Břetislav
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34924. Žena v Erbenově Kytici
- Creator:
- Storchová, Barbara
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34925. Žena v exaktních vědách
- Creator:
- Seydler, August
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- věda, ženy, matematika, fyzika, science, women, mathematics, physics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Otázka přetrvávajícího nepoměrnéého zastoupení žen v matematice, fyzice a technických vědách je zajímavá vědecky i společensky. Dávno pryč je doba, kdy bylo nutno probojovávat vůbec samotnou příležitost žen v přírodních a exaktních vědách působit. Připomeňme si zde tyto zašlé časy textem profesora Augusta Seydlera, otištěným v Květech roku 1883. and August Seydler.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34926. Ženám patří polovina Podnebesí
- Creator:
- Obuchová, Ľubica
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34927. Ženská specifika školní komunikace
- Creator:
- Čechová, Marie
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34928. Ženské a genderové studie ve Francii a veřejná debata o prostituci
- Creator:
- Dudová, Radka
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Autor recenze: Radka Dudová
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34929. Ženské hrdinky ukrajinských dúm a srbských junáckych piesní
- Creator:
- Kimáková, Barbora
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- female characters, folk literature, Serbian heroic poems, Ukrainian dumas, femininity, and masculinity
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The aim of the article is to introduce female characters of Serbian epic poems and Ukrainian dumas in comparative perspective. The focus is laid on the roles and characteristics attributed to women in epic poems relating to the Battle of Kosovo and dumas describing the period of the battles between Cossacks and Turko-Tatar tribes. It is argued that although women in folk literatuře usually have a passive role and their main function is to emphasize the importance of the male sacrifice, there are also examples of active female characters who make their own decisions and thereby influence their own destiny as well as the destiny of others.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
34930. Ženský výrobní spolek český
- Creator:
- Bahenská, Marie and Křížová, Markéta
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- From the 1870s on, the objective of the feminist movement had became the foundation of school that would allow the professional education of girls. In this endeavor played an important role the Female Manufacturing Czech Society (Ženský výrobní spolek český, hereafter ŽVSČ). This society was founded in the year 1871 and at its birth stood for example Karolina Světlá, Sofie Podlipská, Věnceslava Lužická-Srbová and the husband and wife Náprstek. The structure of the society and the school for girls founded by it were probably inspired by similar institutions already existing abroad (in London and Vienna). The school of ŽVSČ, called business-industrial school, was supposed to pursue the so called industrial education. This educational style served for the preparation of the girls far family life, but also far independent life, and journalists of the time assessed it in principle affirmatively, because it in no way violated the traditional image of the role of women in society. The school was divided to five different branches, of which the most popular was the language cour se and the business cour se. At all 293 pupils enrolled in the first year and in the next years their number rose steadily, so that in the year 1874 there were already 505 girls attending the school. The leaders of the society also accentuated the idea of social solidarity and so every year they for gave the tuition to girls from poor families and the school fees were relatively low in comparison with other schools (1-3 guldens monthly). A great interest was aroused by the short-term nuring cour ses whose graduates acquired nursing diplomas. An extraordinary exploit represented the establishment of the so called „request chamber“ that helped women to look for work. In the 1880s thepersonalities at the head of the society had changed, but its activities remained unchanged. After the withdrawal of Karolina Světlá the main authority became Eliška Krásnohorská who was at the same time the editor of the journal „Woman Paper“ (Ženské listy), the school had been directed by Johanna Kuffnerová since 1885. The members of the society aimed towards the preservation of its good reputation and the justification of the existence of the school; in this respect a major role was played by Eliška Krásnohorská and her publication activities. An occasion for the presentation in public became the 25th anniversary of ŽVSČ when new school building was inaugurated. The society came to an end only in 1957, but already since the beginnig of the twentieth centuty its influence decreased and in the last years of its existence it limited itself only to the preservation of the memory of Eliška Krásnohorská.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public