Joan Tronto je profesorkou politické vědy na Minnesotské univerzitě v USA. Politická a morální teorie péče Joan Tronto představuje jeden z klíčových feministických přístupů k péči. Na rozdíl od většiny autorek etiky péče chce Tronto etiku péče zasadit do širšího rámce spravedlnosti. Spravedlnost podle ní tvoří nezbytný rámec materialisticky zakotvené teorie péče, přičemž cílem je propojení univerzálních práv s konkrétními potřebami a odpovědností za péči pro vypořádání se s nerovnostmi a nadvládou jakožto strukturami, v nichž jsou vztahy péče zasazeny. Politická teorie péče proto podle ní musí vycházet z analýzy potřeb a mocenských vztahů, které významně utvářejí společenské vymezení odpovědnosti. Mezi její hlavní knihy patří Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethics of Care (1993) a Caring Democracy: Markets, Equality, and Justice (2013), Joan Tronto, Zuzana Uhde., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The paper briefly presents the results of a five-year field research project (2006 to 2011) studying the moral and political transformations amongst extremely poor women participating in the Brazilian Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Our fundamental hypothesis was that regular monetary income would generate individual growth and an increase in personal autonomy and political inclusion. We analyse the interviews by way of a phenomenology of poverty in Brazil., Alessandro Pinzani, Leão Rêgo Walquíria., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
The period of Normalization in Czechoslovakia is often perceived as a grey „Eastern iceberg“ where life stood still and uniformity governed. My analysis of sexological discourse, particularly of texts focused on perversity, juxtaposes the normalized ethos of the period with deviant sexual subjectivities. I analyze papers and debates presented at annual sexological conferences in the 1970s and 1980s. Sexuality, especially in its non -normal/deviant forms, was revealed as unstable, a quality sought to be „rectified“ through gender which was perceived as binary. The family was interrogated as a source of deviance and also as a place of redress. While sexological writings in general tend to biologize sexuality, my analysis shows that sexologists attributed social genealogy to deviance, a finding that attests to rigid social conditions during Normalization., Kateřina Lišková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Firstly, this article outlines the main points made by Peter Winch in his breakthrough book The Idea of a Social Science. Its Fundamentals thesis, inspired by Wittgenstein and his accounts on the relation between language and reality, is the assumption that social sciences engage in philosophical endeavor, because the problems they deal with are not empirical, but conceptual. Following Wittgensteinian line of thought he comes up with the idea that all social action can be explained as rule following and therefore it should be approached by conceptual means other than those used by natural sciences. Secondly, this article explores the impact that The Idea of a Social Science had on the discussion about the nature of social sciences. It outlines it‘s main critiques which deal with (1) Winch’s conception of philosophy (2) the notion of rule following and (3) descriptive nature of Winch‘s approach. Finally, Winch‘s critique of positivism in social sciences is identified as his main and lasting contribution to social thought., Tomáš Dvořák., and Obsahuje bibliografii