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192. K historickej demografii a demografickej histórii na Slovensku

Creator:
Pavol Tišliar
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Demografie. Populace, historická demografie, historical demography, Slovensko, Slovakia, demographic history, 18, and 314
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article briefly evaluates the development of demography (demographic history) and historical demography in Slovakia up to the present time. It points out the most often resolved themes and the most important works and personalities from this area. It sketches also contemporary problems and perspectives., Pavol Tišliar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

194. K nedožitému životnímu jubileu Čeňka Adamce, zakladatele české demoskopie

Creator:
Bečvář, Josef
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, Adamec, Čeněk, 1916-1997, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Josef Bečvář vzpomíná na významnou postavu zakladatele české demoskopie Čeňka Adamce. and Josef Bečvář.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

195. K otázce historického vědomí obyvatel České republiky

Creator:
Jiří Šubrt and Jiří Vinopal
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, historical consciousness, collective memory, czech history, czech public opinion, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
Stať deskriptivní formou přináší poznatky z prvního dotazníkového průzkumu, který je součástí širšího projektu sociologického výzkumu historického vědomí obyvatel České republiky. Po úvodním zasazení do kontextu koncepcí historického vědomí a kolektivní paměti jsou nejprve popsány výsledky průzkumu na téma zájmu o dějiny a jejich jednotlivé oblasti; zdrojů, z nichž lidé získávají historické informace a sebehodnocení z hlediska znalosti historie. Další části článku jsou věnovány problematice českých národních dějin, především tomu, jakým způsobem veřejnost hodnotí jednotlivá historická období, a jsou zde také předloženy informace týkající se hrdosti občanů na národní historii. Závěrečná část se věnuje obecným aspektům historického vědomí tzn. názorům lidí na průběh dějin a důležitost sil, které ho ovlivňují, a také na význam, který má historie pro současný život společnosti., This article describes the results of an initial survey which is a part of broader project of sociological research into the historical consciousness of inhabitants of the Czech Republic. Firstly, the topic is put into the context of conceptions of historical consciousness and collective memory. This is followed by an outline of the public’s interests in history and its different fields, their sources of information and self-evaluation of historical knowledge. Next the article deals with the issue of Czech national history, especially how the public evaluates different historical periods and the level of pride Czech peo - ple feel about their national history. The final section addresses the problem of the historical consciousness of citizens on a more general level; it summarizes opinions on the course of the historical process, the importance of different influences on it, and also on the role which history plays in contemporary society., and Jiří Šubrt, Jiří Vinopal.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

196. K počátkům veřejného mínění: Historicko-sociologická studie

Creator:
Soukalová, Kateřina
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, stati, writings, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie, sociologie, sociology, opinion, rumor, Middle Ages‘ law, Roman public, fama, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on the development of terms which were used in antiquity and Middle Age Europe to denote public opinion ( fama, existimatio, opinio in Ancient Rome, fama publica, communis opinio in the Middle Ages etc.). Particular attention is paid to the distinction made in Roman public life between a fama, which represented common opinion, and a rumor, which meant undervalued and unreliable opinion of the plebs. The medieval term rumor fama, more often fama publica, referred to a local information network or mechanism of collective evaluation of individuals’ esteem. It was also an impor- tant part of court proceedings. Both historic eras were concerned with rumor in today’s sense of the word, which often comprised or underlaid common opinion., Kateřina Soukalová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

197. K prehistorii českých kolektivních domů

Creator:
Guzik, Hubert
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
bydlení, zahradní města, housing, garden cities, collective home, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
Collective homes and housing collectivization are phenomena that are usually considered to be ideologically close to Marxism and anarchism. In the 19th century, however, socialization of domestic work was part of various ideological streams, from social democrats to the business establishment. At the beginning of the 20th century, various forms of collective housing garnered the attention of the Czech intellectual elite. Information about collective housing came either directly from the United States of America or from Germany and Scandinavia. Czech sociologists regarded it as a contribution to social solidarity; feminists, on the contrary, as an instrument for the reinforcement of the family. The concept of homes with central kitchens came to Bohemia not only as part of a political and economic discourse but also in utopian novels and as part of architectural debates. Czech architecture and literature were, however, reserved about collective housing. The first larger reflection on central kitchens did not appear in Czech architecture until the beginning of the 1920s, on the margins of debates about the garden city. Among feminists, in contrast, we can see an uninterrupted interest in the socialization of domestic work during the entire first four decades of the 20th century. And it was feminists who managed to give the theoretical deliberations a real, albeit very constrained architectural form., Hubert Guzik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

198. K prvkům politické socializace, k jejich generační kontinuitě a diskontinuitě

Creator:
Ján Mišovič
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociální interakce. Sociální komunikace, politická socializace, political socialization, political self-identification, generational continuity, discontinuity, 18, and 316.4/.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The process of political socialization, as shown by numerous findings, is characterised as the transmission of political action and behaviour through the generations. In connection with the political changes the Czech Republic experienced since 1945, not only the prospect of generational continuity but also discontinuity come into consideration. The article deals with the influence of parents and other socialization factors on political self-identification in the Czech population. It focuses mainly on the major age groups: young people up to the age of 29, the younger middle generation of 30-44 years, the older middle generation of 45-59 years and individuals aged 60 years or older, and their parents. The starting point of the considerations is the theory of social change and the interconnection of political socialization on the micro and macro levels. The paper analyses the circumstances of socialization and its effects on political orientation in a representative sample of Czech population (N = 522). The basis for determining the impact of socialization was set as the intensity of interest in political events together with the main resources affecting political orientation such as self-education and reading, followed by parental influence. The ratio of father’s and mother’s communist orientation plus their interest in politics accounted for the other socialization factors. Political background of the respondents was compared with their self-identification on the left-right political scale. Correlation analysis helped highlight the significance of father’s influence, rather than mother’s, in the process of political socialization. It also showed an overall negative impact of parental political discussion on the formation of left-right orientation. ANOVA analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between socio-occupational status and political inclusion. This inclusion effect was more frequent among left-wing labourers and pensioners and right-wing entrepreneurs, tradesmen, students and apprentices. Not only social background but also age signalled significant differences in opinions. The youngest generation as a whole relates to the right wing of the political spectrum. At the same time, the generation of 60+ is inclined to the left of the centre. As a matter of fact, this group, more than other age groups, is interested in political events and is deeply involved in political discussions. The young generation manifests itself in both directions. Parents’ political socialization actions towards their children induced agreement with parental political orientation only to a lesser extent. The study also dealt with two influences, sometimes mutually supportive and other times competing, namely parental socialization influence, political and economic conditions. Attitudes to social and political situation differed between age groups. The influence of society- -level circumstances is more significant than that of parental political socialization. It was possible to observe political continuity between the generations of 60+, or even their parents, and the older middle generation aged 45-59. When there is mostly continuity between them and their children then discontinuity tends to arise between them and their parents. The distribution of political orientation reveals a dynamic field. Attitudes to changes in society vary between generations as well. During the shaping of political orientation, the influence of social and political conditions is more decisive than political action, no matter how good its intentions are. This confirms the concept of political socialization as a way in which individual socialization interacts with one’ssocial position due to various social factors., Ján Mišovíč., and Obsahuje použitou literaturu
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

199. K sebereflexi pracujících žen na přelomu 19. a 20. století

Creator:
Milada Sekyrková
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Demografie. Populace, sociální dějiny, každodenní život, social history, everyday life, women's work, memoirs and remembrances, 18, and 314
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article reproduces the testimonies of working women, reflecting their lives. It covers the life history of Engelberta L. Pštrossová, clerical worker of Chamber of Commerce and Trade in Prague and Hradec Kárlové from the year 1904 until the beginning of World War II and Olga Nováková, clerical worker in the printing works of A. Haas in Prague in the years 1910-1936. The second part covers the memoirs of several women from blue-collar milieu, devoted to their material contribution to their families., Milada Sekyrková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public