This article examines the development of panel studies and their main characteristics. The first part of this article outlines the historical development of panel studies. Here special reference is made to the first panel studies ever undertaken, and the influence of Paul Lazarsfeld on this field of research. Thereafter, there is an overview of some recent national panel studies, and different approaches used in the analysis of panel data. The second part of this article concentrates on the panel study as a type of longitudinal research where special attention is given to a number of issues: unit of analysis, mode of data collection, time span between waves of data collection, duration of panel studies, research themes and policy influences, and opportunities for studying change at the individual (micro) level. In the final section, there is a discussion of the specific difficulties associated with panel study research., Zdeňka Lechnerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The main purpose of the paper is to ofer an overview of recent research problems and debates concerning the emergence of masculinity/masculinities through the gendered preparation and consumption of food. While it takes the shape of a systematic review of scientiic papers related to the mutual interdependence of masculinities and food -related practices in the past decade, it attempts to provide a synthetic snapshot of the ield. First of all, an inventory of dominant images of masculinity and food is outlined in order to provide a frame of reference for the subsequent discussion. Masculinity is then examined as an emergent quality of various practices of a) consumption and b) production of food in two chapters. In the first chapter, both the content and forms and attitudes in regard to masculine consumption are discussed, including speciically priorities in food choices and related health issues. In the second chapter, manly cooking as performance (as presented by the media and represented by customs) on the one hand and as a necessity (in purely male groups) on the other is brought under scrutiny., Adam Gajdoš., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Abstrakt a klíčová slova anglicky
Migration research is an emerging field in the Czech Republic and data collection poses many methodological challenges. Some of the problems are universal for the research of other hard-to-reach populations. Other problems are, on the contrary, unique, applying only for the research of immigrants and could be country specific. This article focusses mainly on the quantitative research of immigrants where the issue of sampling problem is of major concern. The aim of the article is to address the issue of sampling immigrants in the context of the Czech Republic. In the first part of the article, there is a review of existing methodological approaches to researching immigrant populations. The focus here is on potential problems when applying particular methods in the Czech context. The second part of the article is dedicated to a review of four major Czech sample surveys of immigrants that are compared in terms of their methodology and basic results., Josef Bernard, Yana Leontiyeva., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Hana Maříková. and A 3R analysis should make it possible to answer questions about how power is distributed between women and men, how gender influences the formation of structures and organisational solutions, and how norms are set in terms of gender in the various local government activities.
In what way do gender-specific interventions aimed at marginalised men reproduce and transform masculinities, and what kind of masculinity do social professionals, who carry out these projects, work with? This paper analyses how visual materials, spaces and artefacts enable professionals to deal with masculinity and gender-equality issues when working with men whom they assume hold traditional views on masculinity and gender roles. A three-year study of semi-public interventions that worked on individual empowerment, participation and gender equality with marginalised men in the Netherlands revealed that the professionals found it difficult to raise gender-equality issues. In contrast to the other project goals of individual empowerment and participation, gender-equality issues created a discomfort. The authors also discovered that gender equality in most cases was dealt with in more subtle ways than the issues of individual empowerment and participation. In this context, professionals worked with an ideal version of what the ‘new’ masculinity of the participants would look like, which we labelled ‘pacified masculinity’. The paper empirically shows how social professionals benefit from the use of space, images and artefacts to break down rigid gender roles and potentially enable men to construct other versions of masculine identity. Moreover, we argue that visuals and materiality create room for a reflection on the role of men in women’s emancipation., Iris van Huis, Marleen van der Haar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article confronts James Coleman’s and Randall Collins’s approaches towards action theory: reviews both their similarities (based on the importance of micro-sociological perspective for understanding social macro-level) and differences (their attitude towards the assumed rational nature of human action). Coleman supports the homo oeconomicus thesis and understands actors as beings, which make rational decisions and direct their actions on the basis of costs and gains calculations. Collins, on the other hand, emphasizes the extra-rational factors of emotions and routine. By putting up these approaches against each other two ideal type constructions arise, which are particular intellectual modes yet cannot comprehend social reality in its full complexity., Jiří Šubrt., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this study is to explore the sources of attitude constraints regarding the role of government in the economy, and to find out whether the sources of these constraints are the same as in Western democracies. Use is made of Converse’s approach to conceptualize attitude constraint where an individual’s belief system is seen to be a configuration of attitudes and values characterized by a functional interdependence, or constraint. This constraint may be interpreted in terms of the probability of being able to predict one attitude having knowledge of another. In this study, there is a review of the sources of attitude constraint and related measurement issues. Using ISSP 2006 (Role of Government module) an analysis of attitudinal constraints is presented using two attitudinal scales. This research confirms that the sources of attitude constraint in the Czech Republic are similar to those observed in Western Europe and the USA. Specifically, class, education, and other social-demographic variables are shown to have very limited effects. Moreover, Converse’s contention that attitude constraints are strongly determined by political involvement, political knowledge, or party identification is also shown to be valid for Czech society., Lukáš Linek., 1 obrázek, 4 tabulky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé