On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the international journal Photosynthetica in 2017 we briefly report on the establishment of this journal and on Dr. Zdeněk Šesták, the renowned researcher of photosynthesis processes who, in cooperation with the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, founded this essential science journal in Prague in 1967., H. K. Lichtenthaler., Obsahuje bibliografii, and Ozvláštněné číslování stránek článku 1-6. teprve na ně se napojuje pokračování stránkování navazující na 1. číslo časopisu
The order grebes (Podicipediformes) is an archaic group of birds, morphologically and ecologically well adapted to the aquatic life style, including breeding in floating nests in the littoral zone of water bodies. Four grebe species are breeding in fishponds in the Czech republic. Annually during the breeding season, these birds have to overcome many problems to successfully breed. In the incubation period, the most important mission for parents is to protect the eggs from predation. and Jan Sychra.
Successful rearing of a grebe (Podicipediformes) brood depends on several environ - mental factors, such as climatic conditions and food supply at the breeding site. In connection with their insufficient thermoregulation in the first days of their life grebe chicks are brooded, warmed and fed, under the wings on the back of their pa - rents. Although grebes are very adaptable birds, fishpond degradation is currently inducing a decrease of these waterbirds. and Jan Sychra.
Základní životní projevy mnoha druhů pavouků jsou stále zahaleny tajemstvím. Donedávna byl jedním z nich i slíďák lesostepní (Arctosa lutetiana, syn. Tricca lutetiana), který badatele překvapil nečekanými vlastnostmi - způsobem lovu počínaje, přes délku svého života a způsobem rozmnožování konče. Slíďák lesostepní je rozšířený prakticky po celé Evropě. Vyskytuje se od jižní Skandinávie po severní Řecko a od Francie po Ural; nenajdeme ho pouze na území Středozemí - nedávno publikovaný nález z Turecka (Bayram a kol. 2007) se zakládal na chybné determinaci, šlo o podobného slíďáka tbiliského (Arctosa tbilisiensis). Přestože tento pavouk žije v Evropě, na území s nejdéle trvajícím arachnologickým výzkumem, dosud se o jeho biologii nevědělo prakticky nic., Arctosa (syn. Tricca) lutetiana is a burrowing nocturnal extra-Mediterranean species of spiders (record from Turkey is a misidentification of A. tbilisiensis). As it preys passively inside its burrow, it has a prolonged life cycle. The mating period is in June. During copulation, males perform unique leg movements. Females spin only one egg sac (ca. 25 eggs) per season, the second egg sac is produced the following year., and Petr Dolejš.
Zdravá zemědělská krajina je živým organismem, otevřeným systémem s nepostihnutelným množstvím složitých vazeb, které napomáhají její stabilitě. Současný trend zemědělského hospodaření v Česku však nabízí obraz krajiny napojené na podpůrné systémy, které sice umožňují zvyšování produkce, ale za cenu rizika klinické smrti. Zemědělská krajina nežije, spíše živoří. Překotné společensko-hospodářské změny od 50. let 20. stol. po současnost se přímo odrážejí v drastické změně k horšímu v bohatství společenstev hmyzu a jejich druhové rozmanitosti. Z toho plyne již dobře pozorovatelný fatální vliv na stav samoobnovných funkcí přírody a krajiny. Stále nápadněji se projevuje neslučitelnost systému anonymních nájmů půdy s možností existence krajiny využívané s principy trvalé udržitelnosti., The healthy agricultural landscape is an open system with large numbers of stabilizing interactions. Current landscape over-exploitation entails an increased risk of ecosystem degradation. Rapid socio-economic changes since the 1950s have resulted in the decline of insect diversity, both at species and population levels. A fatal impact on self-renewable functions of nature and landscape is well noticeable., and Martin Škorpík.
Zévy (Tridacnidae) jsou mezi mořskými mlži výjimečné velikostí i způsobem získávání potravy. V jejich plášti se vyskytují mikroskopické řasy zooxantely, které fotosyntézou produkují sacharidy, o něž se dělí s hostitelem. Za nápadné zbarvení pláště vděčí zévy zooxantelám a specializovaným buňkám iridocytům., Giant clams (Tridacnidae) are exceptional among sea clams for their size and the way they acquire food. On their shells microscopic zooxanthella algae occur, producing saccharides through photosynthesis, which they share with the host. The conspicuous coloring of the shells is due to the clams’ zooxanthellae and specialized iridocyte cells., and Nicole Černohorská.
Accumulation and distribution of zinc within Miscanthus x giganteus plants grown on elevated Zn concentrations and their photosynthetic performance were investigated. High concentrations of Zn in soils caused an increase of its concentrations in all plant organs. The bioconcentration factor, bioaccumulation factor, and translocation factor were lower than one indicating that M. x giganteus is an excluder plant species. Excessive Zn induced visible leaf damage, i.e. chlorosis and necrosis, only in the oldest leaves, pointing to Zn accumulation. Elevated amounts of Zn in leaves significantly lowered the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentrations, parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and chlorophyll b content. Despite Zn excess in leaves, there was no severe reduction in the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, indicating a high photosynthetic capacity, high tolerance to elevated Zn concetrations, and ability of M. x giganteus to grow on Zn-contaminated soils., G. Andrejić, G. Gajić, M. Prica, Ž. Dželetović, T. Rakić., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The present study was carried out to assess the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in tomato plants on growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant system. At 20-d stage of growth, roots of tomato plants were dipped into 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg(ZnO-NPs) L-1 for 15, 30, and 45 min and then seedlings were transplanted in their respective cups and allowed to grow under natural environmental conditions. At 45-d stage of growth, the
ZnO-NPs treatments significantly increased growth, photosynthetic efficiency together with activities of carbonic anhydrase and antioxidant systems in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner. Moreover, the treatment by 8 mg(ZnO-NPs) L-1 for 30 min proved to be the most effective and resulted in maximum activities of antioxidant enzymes, proline accumulation and the photosynthetic rate. We concluded that presence of ZnO-NPs improved the antioxidant systems and speeded up proline accumulation that could provide stability to plants and improved photosynthetic efficiency., M. Faizan, A. Faraz, M. Yusuf, S. T. Khan, S. Hayat., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Zinc is a critical mineral nutrient that protects plant cells from salt-induced cell damage. We tested whether the application of Zn at various concentrations [0, 5, 10, or 20 mg kg-1(soil)] would protect almond (Prunus amygdalus) seedlings subjected to salt stress (0, 30, 60, or 90 mM NaCl). All concentrations of Zn, particularly the application of 10 and 20 mg kg-1, increased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry, and a proline content in almond seedlings grown under salt stress; 20 mg(Zn) kg-1 was the most effective concentration. The activity of superoxide dismutase showed a significant increase under salinity stress and Zn application. The catalase activity decreased in the salt-treated seedlings, but recovered after the Zn treatment. Our results proved the positive effects of Zn on antioxidant enzyme activity scavenging the reactive oxygen species produced under salt stress., A. Amiri, B. Baninasab, C. Ghobadi, A. H. Khoshgoftarmanesh., and Obsahuje seznam literatury