The Czech structuralist Vladimír Skalička belongs to eminent language typologists of the 20th century. His epoch-marking contribution deals primarily with Hungarian, yet in a relatively extensive paper, Skalička investigated typology of Modern Chinese as well, and repeatedly referred to Chinese in his later works considering it a classical example of a polysynthetic language. Such classification deliberately contradicted the both then and now widely accepted view that Chinese is a typical isolating language. Not only that his thesis did not compel specialists in Chinese linguistics – the very attempt of this famous scholar has fallen into oblivion and has, in fact, never been reflected upon by sinologists in any proper way. The present article aims to at least partially compensate for this negligence., Lukáš Zádrapa., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Dalit literature does not avoid motifs of „the call of nature“ and of removing human excrements. Some Dalit writers also use a very informal language, applying ordinary words, which could appear vulgar in another context. However, large sections of the Dalits have been for centuries and generations connected with ritually as well as physically unclean sorts of work. So Dalit writers write about Dalit life and keep their colloquial language, often expressing anger and a specific social criticism. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article deals with the history of the Funj Kingdom in Sudan (1504-1821). At the beginning the most important indigenous and foreign primary sources from this period are outlined. Then follows a brief description of the previous period. The main focus of the article is on political history of the Funj Kingdom which may be periodized into four main phases. The first was the era of unlimited domination of the Funj in the 16th century. The next century was marked by Funj-Abdalláb dualism. In the 18th century two important processes took place - disintegration of the kingdom and a breakdown of Funj institutions. The last phase of the kingdom´s history was the Hamaj regency (1762-1821). The fragmented Funj Kingdom was at the end of this period an easy prey for the Turko-Egyptian invasion led by Muhammad Alí´s son Ismáíl Kámil Pasha in 1820-1823., Emanuel Beška., and Obsahuje seznam literatury a poznámky
This text deals with the issue of the political systém of Botswana in the wider historical context. The paper seeks to describe the main features of Botswanan democracy and attempts to provide an analysis of the political reality in Botswana. The text is divided into three basic parts. The first section provides a discussion on the historical circumstances, identifying the main features of Bechuanaland during the period of colonial rule and focusing on the particular local conditions. The second section focuses on the contemporary political reality, influenced as i tis by the presence of rich natural resources. The final section deals with the limitations of the political systém and its future prospects., Linda Piknerová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Ghost and demons of ancient Mesopotamia played a significant role in the daily life of common people where they acted as one of the main causes of illnesses and othe misfortune. Medical texts therefore appear as an important source that gives us insight into these malevolent forces. The article present selected ghosts, demon Lamaštu, demon Lilû/Lilītu/ Ardat-lilî, demon rābisu, demon Šulak and demon gallû from the perspective of medical texts – especially diagnostic and prognostic series SA.GIG and therapeutical texts. It tries to assign particular ghosts and demons to the specific health problems. Although the symptoms often overlap and the whole systém of sorting is not entirely clear, the effort of Mesopotamian physicians is evident: the systematic classification of diseases (and symptoms) according to the type of difficulties using the names of ghosts and demons. The article reflects the conception of ghosts and demons as a cause of diseases as well and presents several remarkable examples of healing rituals for their repulse., Veronika Sobotková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury