A Jewish poet Samaw´al ibn ´Adya´ lived in the middle of the sixth century in the oasis Tayma in Hijaz. From the Jewish poetry of this period survived very little, and so Samaw´al´s poetry offers a few glimpses of the Jewish tribal life. His poetry is basically similar to that of Arabs or Bedouins. On the one hand it chants the glory and pride of the poet´s tribe, i.e. traditional topic of the Bedouin poetry, but on the other hand introduces also religious themes such as creation and death of men, resurrection, the Day of Judgment etc., a foreign feature in the traditional desert poetry, which was fostered later by Arab urban poets. The article contains a translation of two of Samaw´al´s poems., Daniel Boušek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Japanese personal names reflect the period in which thex were given, revealing the social attitudes and values of that time. In contemporary Japan names bear witness to the growing emphasis on individualism and uniqueness. This paper describes the rather difficult process of choosing the perfect name for one´s child, and analyzes the newly evident characteristic features of current personal names., Ivona Barešová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Soviet Central Asia served during the Stalinist era as one of the regions where politically unreliable persons where exiled by the communist regime. Some of them were people of extraordinary merits both scientific or artistic. Exile in harsh conditions of Central Asia steppes should have been detrimental to their further activities. But as the life stories of three different personalities show here (Klaudiya Antipina, Anna Pankratova and Igor Savitsky), even difficult and hostile environment does not stop truly creative and open mind to continue in the search for new discoveries and new accomplishments., Martina Varkočková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article deals with changes in the social status of women, their civil rights and women's activism in iran. The text focuses primarily on the period after the establishment of the Islamic Republic and the implementation of Sharica law. The situation and the rights of women have undergone change in the past three decades in connection with politics and the interests of the Islamist regime. Because of several limitations in relation to the rights of women, Iranian women have sought to influnce public opinion and to change laws through various women's journals and also through their professions. Female politicians have tried to change the system from inside by influencing the laws concerning women's issues and they have stood as candidates in parliamentary elections, even wanting to stand as candidates in presidential elections. The growing activism of Iranian women has been obvious, expecially since the 1990s, and it reached its peak during the post-election protests of June 2009, following the allegedly manipulated presidential elections., Martina Ponížilová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Harem was a part of all rich houses, but the Sultan´s Harem was always attracted the biggest attention. It was a residence, which was inhabited by family, mainly by women with small children, daughters and slave girls. The Ottoman Sultan´s Harem, where mostly several hundreds of girl slaves were situated, was ruled by the Sultan´s mother – valide sultan. Sultans were not in a personal contact with all girls. Only between ten and twenty women were in their immediate vicinity. They were represented by wives – kadin, felicities – ikbal, favourites – gözde and maidservants. The Sultan´s Harem was an institution, which had a strict protocol and the given function hierarchy., Kateřina Vytejčková., and Obsahuje poznámky a seznam literatury
Cults of saints have been present in India for centuries. They constitute a psecial, as well as, typically Indian form of religiosity in which the sanctified figure has often been equated with the idea of God. Beliefs and practices associated with the saints also largely form the folk and living religion in India, where the simplistic and modern division of Indian religious world into its Hindu and Muslim parts diversifies. The goal of this article is to provide an example of local cult of the Good Sultan (Cang Sultan), found in the Western parts of the Indian state of Maharashtra, to describe the forms of local religiosity of Western Indian pastoralists (dhangars) and suggest the possible historical contexts of the Good Sultan´s cult., Dušan Deák., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article deals with Ibn Rushd (Averroes, 1126-1198), one of the greatest Islamic philosophers, and the concept of belief in his philosophy. The issue of faith – or more precisely the ways people turn to believe or have faith – constituted an important part of Ibn Rushd´s thought. This issue was also debated by other Islamic philosophers and theologians. Two terms are characteristic of these debates: tasdiq and tasawwur. Therefore, the article also presents a short overview of their use in Islamic logic, theology, and philosophy. and Ondřej Beránek.
The paper discusses the recent developments in Tibet on the year 2011, which marked teh 60th anniversary of its incorporation into the People´s Republic of China. It focuses on the new wave of anti-Chinese protests in Eastern Tibet, where a series of self-immolations highlighted the lasting tensions between the Tibetans and the Chinese state. The author mentions also the transformation of the exiled Central Tibetan Administration which resulted in the election of Lobsang Sangay to prime minister in April 2011 and the public announcement of the 14th Dalai Lama to retire from his political post. The author argues that the new generations of Chinese leaders (personified by the current Vice-President Xi Jinping) will be unwilling to modify the hard-line policy in Tibetan areas and the post-14th Dalai Lama scenario may lead to further escalation of the conflict between significant parts of the Tibetan population and Chinese authorities., Martin Slobodník., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Author gives the history of the Danish main outpost on Coromandel Coast of India from its inception to the sale to English EIC. Against the background of its territorial development, its relationship with the Indian authorities, the role in business networks and the position in the Danish colonies net he depicts an overview of architectural and cultural development of the city and its role as a center of missionary activity., Michal Wanner., and Obsahuje seznam literatury a poznámky