Turkem jewellery is due to its high artistic quality considered the most valuable jewellery of the Central Asia. It is characterized by its robust, yet elegant form, combination of typical materials and distinctive processing techniques. The article deals with the Turkmen jewellery in the past (late 19th century – early 20th century) and the present. Attention is paid to the used material, technological proces, design and implementation of jewellery in everyday life. Jewellery workshop of the contemporary jeweller Murat Sakhatov from Ashgabat is also presented., Tereza Hejzlarová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article dicusses the Uzbek fabrics made in ikat technique (abrbandí), the production of which occupies an important place in the Uzbek applied arts. The theme is treated in terms of technological progress, used material, design and composition. Significant local production centers of ikat fabrics in the past and present are also presented. Greated attention is paid to the current main center of production - the city of Margilan in Fergana Valley., Tereza Hejzlarová., and Obsahuje poznámky a seznam literatury
This article deals with the work of a prominent personality from Egypt's cultural and literary community, Tawfiq al-Hakim, who was instrumental in establishing Egyptian drama. he was one of the fist defenders of folk literature and the Thousand and One Nights in Egyptian history, thus playing a crucial role in the incorporation of popular literature into modern pieces of writing. The essay covers al-Hakim's relationship with folk literature from his early childhood to his literary period as an author. Great emphasis in placed on an analysis and literary critique of his most famous play, the Shahrazad, which was inspired by a collection of folk storie. A collaborative novel that he wrote in conjunction with another influential Egyptian writer, Taha Husayn, is also mentioned., Katarína Kobzošová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article describes effort of Ottoman Empire to become a master of all Eastern Mediterranean in the reign of Sultan Suleiman I. (1520-1566). The main problem for Ottomans was existence of Knights of St.John of Jeruzalem, which had their base in the Island of Rhodes. In 1522 Suleiman raised the great siege of Rhodes, which was successful and Knights of St.John were defeated and had to abandoned Rhodes. Their next base became the Island of Malta. In 1565 Suleiman tried to occupate Malta, but siege was unsuccessful and Ottomans were totally defeated. Malta (1565) and Lepanto (1571) were important turning-points in the war between Christendom and Islam in the Eastern Mediterranean in 16th century., Martin Konečný., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The present article briefly summarizes the development of early Christian mosaics in the area beyond the Jordan River, and deals with the inspiration behind their creation, as well as the source of ideas and the actual purpose behind their creation. The two main periods of their production, divided by the Persian and Muslim invasions, are identified, and the effect of regional competition among various churches and bishoprics in relation to the subject matter of the mosaics is mentioned as well., Pavel Mrázek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The marriage and divorce law of the State of Israel was influenced by Jewish religious law. The matter of agunot, „chained“ women, is an example of the usage of Jewish religious law in the legal system of the modern country. Aguna is a woman who is not able to remarry beacuse she has not been given a divorce list. The motive behind withholding a get is in most cases economic or other benefit. The matter of agunot is very old and Jewish scholars have tried to find a solution for many centuries. There are proposed solutions how to help women tobe released from marriage and to begin a new life. Some of them are very old and they are developer in many responses, others are new. All of them have the same aim to free women from a nonfunctional marriage by means which are contrary to Jewish religious law of marriage and divorce., Dominika Sedláková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article first outlines the three major phases of Islamization of Bengal, focusing particulary on the phase of mass Islamization of rural native population, which was characterized by strong tendencies to syncretism with local religious traditions. This syncretistic environment is then described in more detail with special emphasis on the Naths, Vaisnava Sahajiya, and their generally Tantric-yogicbackground. The literature that emerged from this environment is further introduced as a vehicle of mediation between the Perso-Arabic Islamic tradition and Bengalic cultural milieu. As this milieu was conspicuously Tantric in character, the article pays special attention to esoteric Islamic texts, which reveal considerable popularity of various Tantric-yogic notions and bodily techniques among Bengali Muslims., Kristýna Himmerová., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The article deals with both achaelogical research of the Tall Hisban (northern Jordan) and archaelogists. Concerning the archaelogy it seems that presence of biblical Israelites of late bronze/early iron time is possible despite negative official statement issued in 1976. The negative statement might result from local unfavourable political conditions for research and tight relation between Syria and Israel caused by unsuitable interpretation of biblical names found on cuneiform tablets at Ebla at the time. Looking for all related to Israelites till now do not pertain to proper behaviour in Jordan as well., Pavel Mrázek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury