Search

Start Over Subject 58 Date Unknown

81. Houby v našich domácnostech aneb o čem doma víte i nevíte

Creator:
Alena Kubátová
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Botanika, houby, plísně, mikromycety, 2, and 58
Language:
Czech
Description:
Filamentous microscopic fungi (moulds, predominantly from the phylum Ascomycota), a very diverse and versatile group of organisms, are able to colonize any kind of substrate. This article presents a short survey of some microfungi inhabiting our households. Examples are given of toxigenic fungi, xerophiles, psychrophiles, necrotrophs and sugar fungi. and Alena Kubátová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

82. Hrachor hrachovitý: nesnesitelná těžkost bytí

Creator:
Michal Štefánek
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Botanika, hrachor, ohrožené druhy rostlin, 2, and 58
Language:
Czech
Description:
Lathyrus pisiformis (Pisiform Grass Pea) has to be counted among the most endangered species in the Czech Republic, with only two recent localities in the central part of Bohemia. In the past, the species was found at one other site – in the pheasantry near Budeničky (north of the town of Slaný), but this population is now extinct. and Michal Štefánek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

83. Improving growth, flower yield, and water relations of snapdragon (Antirhinum majus L.) plants grown under well-watered and water-stress conditions using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Creator:
Asrar, A. A., Abdel-Fattah, G. M., and Elhindi, K. M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, arbuscular mycorrhiza, flower yield, snapdragon, water relations, water stress, 2, and 58
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus deserticola (Trappe and John) on plant growth, nutrition, flower yield, water relations, chlorophyll (Chl) contents and water-use efficiency (WUE) of snapdragon (Antirhinum majus cv. butterfly) plants were studied in potted culture under well-watered (WW) and water-stress (WS) conditions. The imposed water stress condition significantly reduced all growth parameters, nutrient contents, flower yield, water relations, and Chl pigment content and increased the electrolyte leakage of the plants comparing to those of nonstressed plants. Regardless of the WS level, the mycorrhizal snapdragon plants had significantly higher shoot and root dry mass (DM), WUE, flower yield, nutrient (P, N, K, Mg, and Ca) and Chl contents than those nonmycorrhizal plants grown both under WW or WS conditions. Under WS conditions, the AM colonization had greatly improved the leaf water potential (Ψw), leaf relative water content (RWC) and reduced the leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) of the plants. Although the WS conditions had markedly increased the proline content of the leaves, this increase was significantly higher in nonmycorrhizal than in mycorrhizal plants. This suggests that AM colonization enhances the host plant WS tolerance. Values of benefit and potential dry matter for AM-root associations were highest when plants were stressed and reduced under WW conditions. As a result, the snapdragon plants showed a high degree of dependency on AM fungi which improve plant growth, flower yield, water relations particularly under WS conditions, and these improvements were increased as WS level had increased. This study confirms that AM colonization can mitigate the deleterious effect of water stress on growth and flower yield of the snapdragon ornamental plant., A. A. Asrar, G. M. Abdel-Fattah, K. M. Elhindi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

84. Improving melon and cucumber photosynthetic activity, mineral composition, and growth performance under salinity stress by grafting onto Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks

Creator:
Rouphael, Y., Cardarelli, M., Rea, E., and Colla, G.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata, grafting, net photosynthetic rate, salinity, 2, and 58
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The aim of the current work was to determine whether grafting could improve salinity tolerance of melon and cucumber, and whether possible induction of tolerance to salt stress was associated with the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out to determine gas exchange, mineral composition, growth and yield of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Cyrano) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Akito) plants, either ungrafted or grafted onto the Cucurbita hybrid rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima Duch. × Cucurbita moschata Duch.), ‘P360’, and ‘PS1313’, respectively. Plants were grown hydroponically and supplied with two nutrient solutions - a nonsalinized control and a salinized solution which contained 40 mmol L-1 of NaCl. Salinity induced a smaller decrease in leaf area index (LAI), in grafted-compared to ungrafted plants. Similarly, the PN and gs reduction in NaCl treatment compared to control were significantly lower in grafted plants (34% and 34%, respectively, for melon and 14% and 15.5%, respectively, for cucumber) compared to ungrafted plants (42% and 40%, respectively, for melon and 30% and 21%, respectively, for cucumber). In all grafting combinations, negative correlations were recorded between Na+ and Cl- in the leaf tissue and PN. Grafting reduced concentrations of sodium, but not chloride, in leaves. Under saline conditions a smaller reduction in melon and cucumber shoot biomass dry mass and fruit yield were recorded, with positive correlations between shoot biomass, yield and PN. These results suggest that the use of salt tolerant Cucurbita rootstock can improve melon and cucumber photosynthetic capacity under salt stress and consequently crop performance., Y. Rouphael ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

85. Interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity in Zizania latifolia Turcz. plants

Creator:
Yan, N., Xu, X.-F., Wang, Z.-D., Huang, J.-Z., and Guo, D.-P.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange, temperature, Zizania latifolia, 2, and 58
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
a1_We compared the interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on growth, photosynthetic performance, and antioxidant enzyme activity in Zizania latifolia Turcz. plants in this study. Plants were grown under field (average air temperature 9.6-25°C and average light intensity 177-375 W m-2) or greenhouse (20-32°C and 106-225 W m-2) conditions from the spring to the early summer. The results indicated that greenhouse-grown plants (GGP) had significantly higher plant height, leaf length, and leaf width, but lower leaf thickness and total shoot mass per cluster compared with field-grown plants (FGP). Tiller emergence was almost completely suppressed in GGP. Significantly higher chlorophyll (Chl) content and lower Chl a/b ratio were observed in GGP than in FGP. From 4 to 8 weeks after treatment (WAT), net photosynthetic rate (PN) was significantly lower in FGP than in GGP. However, from 9 to 12 WAT, PN was lower in GGP, accompanied by a decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) and electron transport rate (ETR) compared with FGP. Suppressed PN in GGP under high temperature combined with low light was also indicated by photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) response curve and its diurnal fluctuation 10 WAT. Meanwhile, ETR in GGP was also lower than in FGP according to the ETR - photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) curve. The results also revealed that GGP had a lower light saturation point (LSP) and a higher light compensation point (LCP). From 4 to 8 WAT, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and ETR were slightly lower in FGP than in GGP. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly higher from 4 to 8 WAT, but lower from 10 to 12 WAT in FGP., a2_However, catalase (CAT) activity was significantly lower in FGP from 4 to 8 WAT. Our results indicated that the growth and photosynthetic performance of Z. latifolia plants were substantially influenced by temperature, as well as light intensity. This is helpful to understand the physiological basis for a protected cultivation of this crop., N. Yan ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

86. Invaze netýkavky žláznaté v České republice

Creator:
Skálová, Hana and Čuda, Jan
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Botanika, botanika, invaze rostlin, životní prostředí, botany, plant invasion, environment, Česko, Czechia, 2, and 58
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek přináší informace o netýkavce žláznaté (Impatiens glandulifera, syn. I. roylei), jedné z nejznámějších zavlečených invazních rostlin na našem území. Nabízíme podrobnější pohled na její biologické vlastnosti, základní informace, jak se k nám tento druh dostal, a pokusíme se vysvětlit, proč se na našem území tak úspěšně šíří. Nastíníme i výhled dalšího možného vývoje., We provide information on the origin, biological characteristics and distribution pathways of the Himalayan Balsam (I. glandulifera, syn. I. roylei), one of the well-known alien invasive plants in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). We also explain the mechanisms behind the successful spread of the species and sketch its future development., and Hana Skálová, Jan Čuda.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

87. Investigation of the ameliorating effects of eggplant, datura, orange nightshade, local Iranian tobacco, and field tomato as rootstocks on alkali stress in tomato plants

Creator:
Mohsenian, Y., Roosta, H. R., Karimi, H. R., and Esmaeilizade, M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, chlorophyll fluorescence, grafting, Lycopersicon esculentum, NaHCO3, performance index, 2, and 58
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Among the most important quality parameters of irrigation water used for greenhouse crops, alkalinity of water is considered critical due to its impact on soil or growing medium solution pH. In this study, plant growth, Fe content, photosynthetic pigment content, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), performance index (PI), leaf relative water content (LRWC), and soluble sugars concentration were investigated in nongrafted and grafted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Red stone) plants onto five rootstocks of eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Long purple), datura (Datura patula), orange nightshade (Solanum luteum Mill.), local Iranian tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Cal.jn3), exposed to 0, 5, and 10 mM NaHCO3 concentrations, to determine whether grafting could improve alkalinity tolerance of tomato. Significant depression of leaf area, leaf and stem dry mass, shoot and root Fe content and LRWC under high NaHCO3 level was observed in both grafted and ungrafted plants. The highest reduction in the shoot Fe content was observed at 10 mM sodium bicarbonate in control plants (greenhouse tomato). Moreover, at high HCO3- level, the highest percentage of LRWC reduction was also recorded in ungrafted plants. Values of Fv/Fm and PI decreased significantly at 5 and 10 mM NaHCO3 irrespective of rootstock type. The present study revealed that soluble sugars content, photosynthetic pigments content, Fv/Fm and PI values in plants grafted onto datura rootstock were higher than those in nongrafted and rest of the grafted plants. Thus, the use of datura rootstock could provide a useful tool to improve alkalinity tolerance of tomato plants under NaHCO3 stress., Y. Mohsenian ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

88. Is the rate of photosynthesis under blue light altered in the 7B-1 tomato mutant?

Creator:
Ježilová, E., Fellner, Martin, Bergougnoux, V., and Špundová, M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, ABA-overproducer, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, Solanum lycopersicum, stomatal conductance, tomato mutant, 2, and 58
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Changes of photosynthesis under blue light were examined in the ABA-overproducing 7B-1 mutant in tomato. Net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) and chlorophyll (a+b) [Chl (a+b)] content in leaves of different insertion (1st, 4th and 9th ones) were measured in 5-, 7- and 9-week-old plants. PN, gs, and Chl (a+b) content were mostly similar in young leaves of 7B-1 and wild type (WT) plants. With the aging of leaves, a blue-light-induced increase in PN and gs to steady-state was delayed and steady-state values of PN and gs were lower in 7B-1 plants compared with WT. Steady-state values of WUEi were increased in 4th and 9th leaves of 7B-1 plants compared with WT. The results can be explained by the higher endogenous level of ABA in 7B-1 plants and their lower sensitivity to ABA in earlier growth stage., E. Ježilová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

89. Isolation and characterization of two genes of the early light-induced proteins of Camellia sinensis

Creator:
Li, X. W., Liu, H. J., Xie, S. X., and Yuan, H. Y.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
botanika, botany, chlorophyll fluorescence, gene expression, low temperature, photoinhibition, photoprotection, 2, and 58
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Early light-induced proteins (ELIPs) are nuclear-encoded thylakoid proteins. In the present research, two full-length cDNAs (741 and 815 bp), encoding ELIPs (190 and 175 aa) and their genomic sequences, were isolated from tea leaves, and named CsELIP1 and CsELIP2, respectively. Both the deduced CsELIPs contain a chloroplast transit peptide in the N-terminus and a chlorophyll a/b binding protein motif with three transmembrane helices in the C-terminus. The genomic sequences of the two CsELIPs conform to the three-exon pattern of ELIP genomic sequences of other plant species. However, the identities between two CsELIPs and ACJ09655 from gymnosperm species were higher than all of ELIP-like proteins identified from other angiosperms. Expression analysis showed that the two CsELIP genes were significantly up-regulated when the photoinhibition occurred in tea leaves, implying that they might be involved in photoprotection., X. W. Li ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public