In order to understand the physiological traits important in conferring salt tolerance in three barley genotypes, this study was performed under field conditions with three water salinity levels (2, 10, and 18 dS m-1). High salinity decreased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, K+ concentration, K+:Na+ ratio, and grain yield, but increased electrolyte leakage and Na+ content. Under 10 and 18 dS m-1 salinity, Khatam (salt-tolerant) had the maximum stomatal conductance, K+, K+:Na+ ratio, and the grain yield, and a minimum Na+ content and electrolyte leakage, whereas Morocco (salt-sensitive) had the lowest net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, K+ content, K+:Na+ ratio, and grain yield, and the highest Na+ content and electrolyte leakage. This study showed that tolerant genotypes of barley may avoid Na+ accumulation in aboveground parts, facilitating a higher photosynthetic rate and higher grain yield., M. Mahlooji, R. Seyed Sharifi, J. Razmjoo, M. R. Sabzalian, M. Sedghi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Salt stress is one of the most critical factors hindering the growth and development of plants. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is widely used to minimize this problem in agriculture because it can induce salt stress tolerance in plants. This study investigated the effects of PBZ on salt tolerance of seedlings from two Chinese bayberry cultivars (i.e., Wangdao and Shenhong). Plants were treated with three salt concentrations (0, 0.2, and 0.4 % NaCl) and two PBZ concentrations (0 and 2.0 μmol L-1). Application of PBZ increased a relative water content, proline content, chlorophyll (a+b) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities in both cultivars, resulting in a better acclimation to salt stress and an increase in dry matter production. We concluded that PBZ ameliorated the negative effects of salt stress in Chinese bayberry seedlings., Y. Hu, W. Yu, T. Liu, M. Shafi, L. Song, X. Du, X. Huang, Y. Yue, J. Wu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Changes in photosynthetic attributes related to genetic improvement of cotton yield were studied in seven Chinese cotton cultivars widely grown in Xinjiang during the past 30 years. Our results showed that a chlorophyll (Chl) content and net photosynthetic rate (PN) of the 1980s cultivar was the highest among all after 60 days from planting (DAP). However, after 75 DAP, the Chl content, PN, and actual photochemical efficiency of PSII of the old cultivars declined gradually, whereas those of the new cultivars remained relatively high. Compared to the old cultivars, leaves of the new cultivars endured a longer period and their senescence was slower, shoot and boll dry mass was higher, but the root to shoot ratio was lower. The lint yield of the 2000s cultivars was 14.7 and 21.4% higher than that of 1990s and 1980s cultivars, respectively. The high yield of the new cultivars was attributed to a greater number of bolls per unit of area with high lint percentage. We suggested that the improved photosynthetic capacity and the increased ability to deliver photosynthates to reproductive sites during the peak boll-setting stage to boll-opening stage were the key physiological basis in the evolution process of cotton cultivars from 1980s to 2000s for the cotton yield improvement within a short growing period., H. H. Luo, H. L. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, W. F. Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Adding green component to growth light had a profound effect on biomass accumulation in lettuce. However, conflicting views on photosynthetic efficiency of green light, which have been reported, might occur due to nonuniform light sources used in previous studies. In an attempt to reveal plausible mechanisms underlying the differential photosynthetic and developmental responses to green light, we established a new way of light treatment modeled according to the principle of gene "knock out". Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. youmaicai) was grown under two different light spectra, including a wide spectrum of light-emitting diode (LED) light (CK) and a wide spectrum LED light lacking green (480-560 nm) (LG). Total PPFD was approximately 100 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1 for each light source. As compared to lettuce grown under CK, shoot dry mass, photosynthetic pigment contents, total chlorophyll to carotenoids ratio, absorptance of PPFD, and CO2 assimilation showed a remarkable decrease under LG, although specific leaf area did not show significant difference. Furthermore, plants grown under LG showed significantly lower stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration compared with CK. The plants under CK exhibited significantly higher intrinsic quantum efficiency, respiration rate, saturation irradiance, and obviously lower compensation irradiance. Finally, we showed that the maximum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-saturated rate of carboxylation, the maximum rate of electron transport, and rate of triosephosphate utilization were significantly reduced by LG. These results highlighted the influence of green light on photosynthetic responses under the conditions used in this study. Adding green component (480-560 nm) to growth light affected biomass accumulation of lettuce in controllable environments, such as plant factory and Bioregenerative Life Support System., H. Liu, Y. Fu, M. Wang, H. Liu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The inhibition of photorespiration can be used to improve plant carbon fixation. In order to compare the effects of three photorespiration inhibitors [glycine, NaHSO3, and isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH)], photosynthetic parameters of leaves sprayed respectively with these chemicals were examined and their inhibiting efficiency was evaluated in Caragana korshinskii. Our results showed that 5 mM glycine could reduce the photorespiratory rate (PR) effectively, while the net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) significantly increased. The ratio of electron flow for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation to RuBP oxygenation was elevated markedly. NaHSO3 and INH could also suppress the PR in some cases, whereas PN was not improved. The glyoxylate content increased considerably after application of low concentrations of glycine. These results suggested that low concentrations of glycine could suppress photorespiration by
feed-back inhibition of glyoxylate and enhance photosynthesis by regulating gs, Ci, and the distribution of electron flow in C. korshinskii., T. Kang, H. D. Wu, B. Y. Lu, X. J. Luo, C. M. Gong, J. Bai., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The altitudinal effects on photosynthesis were measured on progenies of three populations of Rosa platyacantha Schrenk from altitudes of 1,170 (L); 1,580 (M); and 1,920 (H) m a. s. l. During the day, net photosynthetic rate (PN) decreased in all populations due to the high air temperature in the summer. The H population showed a significantly lower PN at noon compared to other populations. The midday depression of PN occurred in L and M populations due to stomatal limitations, while PN inhibition was associated with PSII activity decline in the H population. In order to avoid photodamage, the plants of H population triggered active antioxidant defenses with a higher enzyme activity and redox ratio of ascorbate at midday compared to the L and M populations. However, more oxidative injury still occurred in the H plants at noon due to higher lipid peroxidation. Our results indicated that the provenance significantly affected photosynthesis in R. platyacantha from northwestern China., S. H. Yang, J. J. Wei, H. Ge., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to rise and is predicted to reach approximately 700 ppm by 2100. Some predictions suggest that the dry season in West Africa could be extended with climate change. This study examined the effects of elevated CO2 concentration and water deficit on growth and photosynthesis of juvenile cacao. Light-saturated photosynthesis (Pmax), quantum efficiency, and intrinsic water-use efficiency increased significantly in response to elevated CO2, as did a range of growth and development responses (e.g. leaf area and leaf number), but the magnitude of the increase was dependent on the water treatment. Stomatal index was significantly greater in the elevated CO2 treatment; an atypical response which may be a reflection of the environment in which cacao evolved. This study shows a positive effect of elevated CO2 on juvenile cacao which may help to alleviate some of the negative impacts of water deficit stress., F. Lahive, P. Hadley, A. J. Daymond., and Obsahuje bibliografii