Ústředním tématem příspěvku je otázka, jak z pozic právní historie nahlížet etické dějiny advokátského
stavu. Prameny z církevního i světského prostředí, které svědčí o činnosti advokátů, lze rozdělit na dvě skupiny. První akcentuje ideál mravnosti a spravedlnosti. Druhá registruje stížnosti vůči advokátům, kteří jsou podrobeni ostré kritice, v podstatě od chvíle, kdy se pravidelně objevují na soudním fóru. Vnímat negativní zmínky o advokátech, které jasně převažují, doslovně, by ovšem znamenalo číst jejich poselství jednostranně. Za kritikou zkažených advokátů lze tušit jasné povědomí o ideálu mravnosti, který ztělesňuje sv. Ivo. and The crucial question of this paper is how to deal with ethics of advocates from the perspective of history of law. Sources of ecclesiastical and secular environment, which demonstrate the activities of advocates, can be divided into two groups. The first emphasizes the ideal of morality and justice. The other registers complaints against advocates who are faced with severe criticism, basically from the moment they appear regularly in the judicial forum. To perceive the negative comments about advocates, which surely outweigh to positive ones, would mean to read their message unilaterally. Behind the critique of corrupt advocates, one can sense a clear awareness of the ideal of morality, which embodies St. Ives
The catastrophic floods in the Czech lands in July 1997 and August 2002 showed that historical flood memory had been lost. The little used sources to recover it include early printed books. This article brings a selection of everal exceptional flood cases captured by printed documents from the 16th–18th centuries. Extant early printed books and the information that they contain (verified from other sources where possible) suitably complement and extend the potential of historical hydrology and meteorology for the study and documentation of early floods that occurred before the beginning of instrumental observations and measurements.
The aim of the article is to explain the transformation of accounting with reference to two Moravian cities, Olomouc and Uničov, between the mid-18th and 19th centuries. The article summarizes the concept of cameralism, the practical reasons for accounting reforms at the central level of the monarchy, and the beginnings of cameral accounting in the second half of the 18th century. The first legislation on the introduction of cameral accounting in municipal government dates from 1768; however, even after that year and indeed until 1922, individual cities continued to have a major influence on the specific form of accounting they used. Although sources from the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century are preserved only fragmentally, the main change in Olomouc and Uničov, as well as in towns in the Czech borderland studied by Petr Cais, happened around 1850, when the cities started accepting printed forms that remained in use for almost a century. In 1922, binding rules for accounting and cash desk service were published, but this had little effect on the accounting records of Olomouc and Uničov. Their journals and main accounting books maintained approximately the same form and structure regardless of this turning point. Neither did they reflect the various changes in the political system of the Czech state, up until the end of World War II. From this point of view, the cameral accounting technique designed by Enlightenment economists can be seen as a fundamental contribution to the modernization of accounting in our territory.