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Start Over Subject Dějiny Asie. Orient Type články

2. Anglofonní a frankofonní identita v Africe: případ Kamerunu

Creator:
Jan Záhořík
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, kolonie, kolonizace, colonies, colonization, Kamerun, Cameroon, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study deals with Anglophone and francophone identities in Africa on the example of Cameroon. In contemporary Africa, though quite hidden, one may encounter two ways of how both identities come into latent or open conflict. Language policies in Africa still show an inevitable impact and heritage of colonial past when European languages entered the African linguistic, political, social and cultural arenas causing further problems expecially in multi-ethnic societies or in states which came to existence by a junctiona of two different entities. This is exactly the case of Cameroon., Jan Záhořík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Buddhismus a rostliny: rostliny v rpoměnách buddhistické ontologie a etiky

Creator:
Kocurek, Jakub
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, buddhismus, rostliny, Buddhism, plants, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article presents different attitudes of Buddhist ethics and onthology towards plants in the course of the long history of the Doctrine from its beginings to contemporary teachers. To demonstrate the broader context and trace possible sources of Buddhist thought on this matter, pre-Buddhist Indian traditions and Jainism are also discussed. The main aim is to tackle the question whether plants have been regarded as sentient beings or not. Thus, the article mainly deals with for this purpose the most relevant Buddhist texts, scholars and time periods, namely the ancient layers of the Pali Canon, Japanese esoteric schools (Tendai, Shingon) and contemporary \buddhist preachers. The answer is much more complex than might be expected and varies across texts and scholars. Its extreme poles of 1. a sharp rejection of plants as sentient beings, and 2. plants attaining the nirvana merely by completing the vegetation process are shown., Jakub Kocurek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Čínský pojem yì a jeho český překlad

Creator:
Lukáš Zádrapa
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, čínština, překlady, Chinese language, translations, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Jedním z nejvýznamnějších a v normativní literatuře doby Válčících států nejčastěji se vyskytujících pojmů je slovo yì [najs]. V korpusu textů obsažených v databázi Thesaurus Linguae Sericae najdeme přes 1200 výskytů: z celkového počtu 1298 výskytů znaku je nutno odečíst některé případy, kdy je jím zapisováno jiné slovo, jako např. yí, vzezření, vnější dojem" (dnes standardně ?), a naopak přidat několik případů z Lúnyu, které v systému nejsou datovárny, a je nutno je tedy proheldávat zvlášť. S ohledem na tuto frekvenci i prominenci se jeví sporná tradiční praxe jeho překladu do češtiny jako opravdu závažný problém. Je totiž zvykem jej vcelku mechanicky převádět jako spravedlivý či spravedlivost. Dokonce i podle zastarávajícího Slovníku spisovného jazyka českého se přitom významvé spektrum slova spravedlivý soustředí kolem představy spravedlnosti. Význam ,jaký má být, vyhovující (zpráv. jakostí, váhou ap.); náležitý, patřičný" je hodnocen jako poněkud zastaralý a z příkladů je zjevné, že přežívá jen v hrstce ustálených spojení. Potíž spočívá v tom, že čínské yì nemá se spravedlivostí, resp. spravedlností téměř nic společného. Jeho skutečným významům bych se proto rád věnoval v tomto článku, v němž zároveň navrhuji definitivní opuštění tradičního překladového ekvivalentu a jeho nahrazení jiným, i kdyby neměl být jednoslovný., The present study aims to provide an exploration and nuanced description of the semantic structural of the lexical unit yì, which has been traditionally translated as "righteousness" but also by many other more adequate terms. A good understanding of the meanings of the word is not only especially important because of its crucial significance for ancient Chinese ideology and philosophy, but also because it tends to be mistranslated or at least tranlated in a misleading way, for example as "justice". Although the paleographic and etymological aspects are also discussed, the argument is primarily based on a scrutiny of practically all occurrences of the word, in the pre-imperial transmitted texts, as recorded in the Thesaurus Linguae Sericae (more than 1,200 cases), with an emphasis on systemic relationships, such as synonymy, antonymy or parallelism. The particular meanings arrived at as a result of the application of this method are presented, along with examples and more appropriate Czech translations of the term., Lukáš Zádrapa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Čtyři události v životě Buddhy na gandhárských reliéfech

Creator:
Svobodová, Kateřina
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, Buddha, asi 563 př. Kr.-asi 483 př. Kr, reliéfy (sochařství), každodenní život, reliefs (sculpture), everyday life, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Snad každý, kdo se vypraví do zemí jihovýchodní a východní Asie nebo sleduje cestopisné pořady v televizi, se setká s množstvím buddhistických památek, mezi nimiž dominují zpravidla sochy sedících, stojících či ležících Buddhů. Co však tato zobrazení vlastně znamenají, k čemu odkazují a kde vůbec vznikla jejich první podoba? Článek se pokusí odpovědět na některé z těchto otázek a na příkladu čtyř důležitých motivů z gandhárského sochařství ukáže, jak vypadala nejranější zobrazení scén ze života Buddhy a co se z nich můžeme dozvědět., The article concerns the iconography of early Buddhist art. It focuses on four of the most important events in Siddhartha Gautama's life, the Great departure, the Enlightenment, the First sermon, and Mahaparinirvana, as portrayed on the Gandharan reliefs. The typers of representation of the Buddha and Bodhisattva in the anthropomorphous form, which had developed in the region of ancient Gandhara during the reign of the Kushanas, influenced Buddhist art in other Asian countries., Kateřina Svobodová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Dvě ojratské legendy zaznamenané v jasném písmu

Creator:
Ondřej Srba
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, dějiny, legendy, literární díla, písmo, history, legends, literary pieces, script, Mongolsko, Mongolia, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article contains a translation of two oral Mongolian legends of Khoshuuts from Karashahr in Xinjiang recorded in the Clear Script (todo bičig): A legend about the defeat of Jang-jalab Khan and the origin of the Russian people and How Dalai Lama, Panchen Lama, Taranatha, Songtsän Gampo and Sakya Pandita became friends. These legends show the Mongolian reception of history and human being in the flow of time. The popular religion has been transforming the Buddhist history as to express the basic Buddhist concept of actions and their results. The introductory part describes the history of Oirat Clear script., Ondřej Srba., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Dynamika eskalace syrského konfliktu

Creator:
Zora Hesová
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, arabské revoluce (2011-), občanská válka v Sýrii (2011-), revolutions in the Arab world, 2011-, Syrian Civil War (2011-), Sýrie, Syria, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Syria changed from a seemingly stable and slowly modernising country to the site of a regional conflict in a matter of months. The factors of escalation are to be sought in three interrelated aspects: in the power structures of the Asad regime, that choose to deal with the reverberations of the Arab Spring through intensified security alone; in the transformation of social protest into a sectarian conflict; in the unconditional support that all sides receive from abroad. As a result, Syria ceased to be what it was three years ago: a country, a state, and a society., Zora Hesová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8. Hrdina povstání? Příběh egyptské armády v revolučním Egyptě

Creator:
Helena Burgrová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, armáda, revoluce, armed forces, revolutions, Egypt, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Egyptian army was the actor whose decisions during the Egyptian uprising of 2011 mattered most. Should the army have decided to support the regime, the revolution might have ended, at best, with thousands of casualties; at worst, it might have followed the bloody Syrian scenario of a civil war. Yet, after a long period of waiting and hesitation the military leadership eventually opted to support the demonstrators. In this respects, the underlying aim of this study is to scrutinize the key decision of the Egyptian military not to intervene in favor of Mubarak's regime. By exploring the borader context of the military's role in the Egyptian political and economic life, this study seeks to illuminate not only the army's decision to "betray" Mubarak's regime, but also the controversial performance of the army after the revolution., Helena Burgrová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

9. Indicko-čínský pohraniční spor: retropektiva po padesáti letech

Creator:
Jaroslav Strnad
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, pohraniční konflikty, mezinárodní spory, mezinárodní vztahy, border conflicts, international disputes, international relations, Indie, Čína, India, China, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
The short war waged in the autumn of 1962 between India and China for disputed territory in High Himalayas had a long-term devasting effect on the relations between the two Asian powers. The present first part of a study recapitulating the genesis of the dispute and subsequent road to military confrontation maps the origins of the problem in the colonial period of Indian history, with particular focus on changes in British cdecision making in the evolving international context. The one-sided furthering of territorial claims in the absence of a strong and determined adversary led, paradoxically, to parallel exdistence of several alternative frontier lines with no fixed and clearly demarcated border in existence along the extended Indo-Tibetan boundary. The second instalment will follow the developments in the dramatically changed conditions after the emergence in the 1950s of India and China as two strong independent nations., Jaroslav Strnad., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. Islám vo verejnom živote: AKP a politika "umierneného" sekularizmu

Creator:
Gabriel Pirický
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Dějiny Asie. Orient, každodenní život, islám, sekularismus, everyday life, Islam, Secularism, Turecko, Turkey, 8, and 94(5)
Language:
Czech
Description:
Secularism and state policies toward religion represent one of the most important issues in Turkey aver since the establishment of the republic in 1923. This contribution briefly summarizes the interpretation of secularism a la turca under the Kemalist leadership and highlights the significant changes that have happened in this area under the AKP government of Prime Minister Recep Tayip Endogan after 2002. The AKP's attempts to introduce Islam-based morality into public space waswelcomed by various religious communities while diminished pressure from the state authorities allowed religiously oriented Turkish movements to act more freely. With the AKP's consolidation of power, the Hizmet movement of Fethullah Gülen finally forged a closer alliance with Ergodan's government and so became an important source of political and economic support both in Turkey and abroad. THe article also shows that the "moderate" secularism as experienced under the current government relaxed the pressure on vocational schools for imams and preachers and transformed the understanding of the state Sunni-Muslim "Church" organization (Diyanet) in the eyes of former hard-line Islamists. Secular circles, however, reject these developments and new trends as signs of continuous Islamization., Gabriel Pirický., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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