Talcott Parsons wrote this paper as a basic for discussion at the General Session: Analysis of the Sociological Profession organized within the frame of annual meetig of the American Sociological Society in Chicago. He sketched here some of the most urgent problems facin sociological profession. These problems can be broken down into four basic questions. THe most central of these concerns the extent to which the cannos of scientific objectivity have come to be establisched as the working code of the profession in dealing with defined intellectual subject matters. The second concerns the present clarity of the differentiation form and relation to neighboring cientific disciplines, so that we can speak with certain definiteness about what, as distinct from other scientists, a socioligst does. The third question concerns the differentiation of sociology as a science from sociological "practice" and its proper relation to applied field. Finally, there is a problem of sociology´s differentiation as a scientific discipline and a raltion to the non-scientific aspect of the general culture., Talcott Parsons., and Z anglického originálu "Some problems confronting sociology as a profession" (in American Sociological Review, roč 24, 1959, č. 4, s. 547-569) přeložila Karolína Prýmková.
Podle časopisů Science a Nature se vědeckou metodou roku 2010 stala optogenetika. O badatelích, kteří ji vyvinuli, se dokonce hovoří jako o žhavých kandidátech na Nobelovu cenu. Letos poprvé s jejími principy seznámil během Týdne mozku českou veřejnost dr. Tomáš Hromádka z Oddělení neurofyziologie sluchu Ústavu experimentální medicíny AV ČR. Jak se pomocí této slibné metody odhaluje tajemství činnosti nervových buněk? and Gabriela, Adámková.
This article features the Academy's cooperation with renowned scientific institutions in Germany, a country whose achievement in the field of science and technology has been significant. Some of the world's most prominent researchers in various scientific disciplines have come from that country. For most of 20th century, more Nobel Prizes in the sciences have been awarded to Germans than to scientists of any other nation. Scientific research in the country is supported by industry, universities and by scientific state-institutions such as the Max Planck Society or the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The raw output of scientific research from Germany consistently ranks among the world's best. and Jitka Tesařová.
This article examines the critique of materialism in the work of Noam Chomsky which treats the doctrine as lacking in any clear content. It is argued that Chomsky’s critique is a coherent one drawing on an understanding of the Newtonian revolution in science, on a modular conception of the mind, and on the related conception of epistemic boundedness. The article also seeks to demonstrate the limits of Chomsky’s position by drawing attention to his use of the third-person point of view in considering the mental and his resulting failure to make good sense of consciousness. Finally, a dual-aspect theory is recommended which would incorporate Chomsky’s agnosticism about the nature of matter., Článek zkoumá a hodnotí kritiku materialismu v díle Noama Chomského, podle níž je materialismus doktrínou bez jasného obsahu. Ukazuje se, že Chomského kritika je koherentní v tom, že uvádí do souladu interpretaci newtonovské revoluce v přírodní vědě s modulárním pojetím mysli a související teorií kognitivní omezenosti. Dále se tento článek snaží poukázat na problematický rys Chomského kritiky, spočívající v tom, že uznává při zkoumání mysli pouze hledisko třetí osoby. Toto omezení vede k podcenění úlohy a významu vědomí. Závěrem autor navrhuje, že tento nedostatek by bylo možné opravit tím, že bychom Chomského agnostické stanovisko vůči hmotě propojili s teorií dvou aspektů (dual-aspect theory)., and James Hill.